The genus Colletotrichum is one of the most widespread genera of plant pathogens. In apples Colletotrichum spp. is associated with two diseases: Glomerella Leaf Spot (GLS) and Apple Bitter Rot (ABR), which can severely impact apple cultivation, reducing fruit yield and quality. Although both diseases may be caused by the same species of Colletotrichum, they differ in the plant organs they affect and the timing of symptoms expression. ABR occurs exclusively on fruits close to harvest or during post-harvest storage, while GLS appears in spring and late summer, mainly concerning the leaves. Given the limited knowledge about the varietal susceptibility to GLS, the present study aimed to evaluate a series of methods for rapidly assessing leaf susceptibility to Colletotrichum spp. and to identify the most effective one for testing cultivar susceptibility and comparing the pathogenicity of two C. chrysophilum isolates. The tested methods included the detached twig assay with spore solution, the detached leaves assay with mycelial plug and the detached leaves assay with spore solution. The detached leaves assay with spore solution gave the best results and it was therefore used to test the susceptibility of 27 apple cultivars to two isolates of C. chrysophilum, one isolated from leaves and one from fruits with ABR. The results indicated that most of the cultivars are susceptible. Furthermore, no clear differences in pathogenicity were observed between the two C. chrysophilum isolates. This study has provided relevant preliminary information and will be useful for conducting further tests, which are needed to address still open questions.
Il genere Colletotrichum è uno dei generi più diffusi di patogeni vegetali. Nelle mele Colletotrichum spp. è associato a due malattie: Glomerella Leaf Spot (GLS) e Apple Bitter Rot (ABR), che possono avere un forte impatto sulla coltivazione del melo, riducendo la resa e la qualità dei frutti. Sebbene entrambe le malattie possano essere causate dalla stessa specie di Colletotrichum, si differenziano per gli organi vegetali coinvolti e per il periodo in cui si manifestano i sintomi. L'ABR si manifesta esclusivamente sui frutti in prossimità della raccolta o durante la conservazione in post-raccolta, mentre la GLS si manifesta in primavera e in tarda estate, interessando principalmente le foglie. Data la limitata conoscenza della suscettibilità varietale a GLS, il presente studio si è proposto di valutare una serie di metodi per valutare rapidamente la suscettibilità fogliare a Colletotrichum spp. e di identificare quello più efficace per testare la suscettibilità delle cultivar e confrontare la patogenicità di due isolati di C. chrysophilum. I metodi testati comprendevano il saggio su rametti staccati con soluzione di spore, il saggio su foglie staccate con plug miceliale e il saggio su foglie staccate con soluzione di spore. Il saggio su foglie staccate con soluzione di spore ha dato i risultati migliori ed è stato quindi utilizzato per testare la suscettibilità di 27 cultivar di melo a due isolati di C. chrysophilum, uno isolato da foglie e uno da frutti con ABR. I risultati hanno evidenziato che la maggior parte delle cultivar sono suscettibili. Inoltre, non sono state osservate chiare differenze di patogenicità tra i due isolati di C. chrysophilum. Questo studio ha fornito informazioni preliminari rilevanti e sarà utile per condurre ulteriori test, necessari per chiarire i quesiti ancora aperti.
Evaluating susceptibility of apple cultivar leaves to Colletotrichum spp. isolates by applying bioassays
DELAITI, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
The genus Colletotrichum is one of the most widespread genera of plant pathogens. In apples Colletotrichum spp. is associated with two diseases: Glomerella Leaf Spot (GLS) and Apple Bitter Rot (ABR), which can severely impact apple cultivation, reducing fruit yield and quality. Although both diseases may be caused by the same species of Colletotrichum, they differ in the plant organs they affect and the timing of symptoms expression. ABR occurs exclusively on fruits close to harvest or during post-harvest storage, while GLS appears in spring and late summer, mainly concerning the leaves. Given the limited knowledge about the varietal susceptibility to GLS, the present study aimed to evaluate a series of methods for rapidly assessing leaf susceptibility to Colletotrichum spp. and to identify the most effective one for testing cultivar susceptibility and comparing the pathogenicity of two C. chrysophilum isolates. The tested methods included the detached twig assay with spore solution, the detached leaves assay with mycelial plug and the detached leaves assay with spore solution. The detached leaves assay with spore solution gave the best results and it was therefore used to test the susceptibility of 27 apple cultivars to two isolates of C. chrysophilum, one isolated from leaves and one from fruits with ABR. The results indicated that most of the cultivars are susceptible. Furthermore, no clear differences in pathogenicity were observed between the two C. chrysophilum isolates. This study has provided relevant preliminary information and will be useful for conducting further tests, which are needed to address still open questions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77872