In recent decades, a rapid evolution in milk production has been observed. This shift is due to several factors, including genetic improvement, advances in feeding systems, and studies on the physiological processes involved with dairy cows. The exponential increase in production has significantly transformed dairy cows and presented farmers with new economic and health challenges, with mastitis being one of the primary issues. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the responsible use of pharmaceuticals and the fight against antimicrobial resistance. On one hand, consumer awareness about the use of antimicrobials in livestock farming has increased; on the other, a decline in the effectiveness of these drugs and the emergence of microbial strains resistant to previously effective antibiotic molecules have been observed. One of the measures implemented has been the limitation of prophylactic treatments. In its communication “Guidelines for the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Veterinary Medicine (2015/C 299/04),” the European Commission states that prophylaxis should not be systematically adopted but reserved for specific indications in exceptional cases. The new European Union Regulation on Veterinary Medicines (Regulation 2019/6), fully enforceable in 2022, reaffirms that “antimicrobial medicines shall not be used for prophylaxis except in exceptional cases” (European Union 2016; Ministry of Health 2018). In response to these directives, selective dry-off protocols have been introduced for the dry period, resulting in a substantial reduction in drug use during this phase. The market is also seeing the emergence of companies offering non-antibiotic products based on plant-derived ingredients designed to support the udder in regenerating tissues during this resting phase. These products are often claimed by manufacturers to possess anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulating, and antimicrobial properties, although they are not classified as actual medications. One such product will be considered in this study, with its effectiveness assessed based on strictly zootechnical data, such as the incidence of clinical mastitis and the trend of somatic cell counts before and after the dry period. In the present study, conducted at Società Agricola San Giovanni s.r.l. in Camisano Vicentino (VI), different dry-off products were compared, including a phytotherapeutic product, with the aim of evaluating their effectiveness based on somatic cell count in milk and the incidence of mastitis. The study also considered the health status of the animals and their parity order in addition to the treatment applied.
Negli ultimi decenni si è potuta osservare una repentina evoluzione delle produzioni di latte. Questo grazie a diversi fattori tra cui il miglioramento genetico, l’evoluzione dei sistemi di alimentazione e lo studio di tutti i processi fisiologici che hanno a che fare con le bovine da latte. L’aumento esponenziale delle produzioni ha trasformato sostanzialmente le bovine ed ha messo davanti agli allevatori nuove sfide economiche e sanitarie da affrontare, tra queste, la mastite è una delle principali. Negli ultimi anni si è iniziato sempre di più a parlare di uso responsabile del farmaco e di lotta all’antimicrobico resistenza: se da una parte c’è stata una maggiore sensibilizzazione dei consumatori riguardo il tema dell’utilizzo degli antimicrobici negli allevamenti, dall’altra si è riscontrata una sempre minore efficacia di questi e la formazione di ceppi microbici resistenti alle molecole antibiotiche utilizzate fino ad ora. Una delle pratiche che si è messa in atto è stata la limitazione della profilassi: nella sua Comunicazione “Linee guida sull’uso prudente degli antimicrobici in medicina veterinaria(2015/C 299/04)” , la Commissione Europea indica che la profilassi non deve essere adottata in modo sistematico, ma deve essere riservata a indicazioni specifiche, in casi eccezionali; il nuovo Regolamento dell’Unione Europea sui medicinali veterinari (Reg. 2019/6), che sarà pienamente applicato nel 2022, ribadisce che “i medicinali antimicrobici non sono utilizzati per profilassi se non in casi eccezionali” (Unione Europea 2016; Ministero della Salute 2018). La risposta a queste direttive è stata, per quanto riguarda la messa in asciutta, l’introduzione di protocolli di asciutta selettiva, che porta a una diminuzione considerevole dell’uso di farmaci in questa fase. Nel mercato si stanno affacciando aziende con prodotti non antibiotici di nuova concezione che utilizzano principi vegetali con l’obiettivo di aiutare la mammella in questa fase di riposo a rigenerare i tessuti, spesso le case produttrici dichiarano anche proprietà antiinfiammatorie, immunostimolanti e antimicrobiche di questi prodotti, che però non sono considerati farmaci veri e propri. Nel presente studio, svolto presso la Soc. Agricola San Giovanni s.r.l. di Camisano Vicentino (VI), si son messi a confronto diversi prodotti per la messa in asciutta, tra cui un prodotto fitoterapico, con l’obiettivo di valutarne l’efficacia, basandosi sul dato delle cellule somatiche nel latte e sull’incidenza delle mastiti, prendendo in considerazione oltre al trattamento effettuato lo stato sanitario dei capi presi in esame e l’ordine di parto.
Gestione dell'asciutta nella bovina da latte: confronto tra protocolli selettivi
COSTA, FRANCESCO
2023/2024
Abstract
In recent decades, a rapid evolution in milk production has been observed. This shift is due to several factors, including genetic improvement, advances in feeding systems, and studies on the physiological processes involved with dairy cows. The exponential increase in production has significantly transformed dairy cows and presented farmers with new economic and health challenges, with mastitis being one of the primary issues. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the responsible use of pharmaceuticals and the fight against antimicrobial resistance. On one hand, consumer awareness about the use of antimicrobials in livestock farming has increased; on the other, a decline in the effectiveness of these drugs and the emergence of microbial strains resistant to previously effective antibiotic molecules have been observed. One of the measures implemented has been the limitation of prophylactic treatments. In its communication “Guidelines for the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Veterinary Medicine (2015/C 299/04),” the European Commission states that prophylaxis should not be systematically adopted but reserved for specific indications in exceptional cases. The new European Union Regulation on Veterinary Medicines (Regulation 2019/6), fully enforceable in 2022, reaffirms that “antimicrobial medicines shall not be used for prophylaxis except in exceptional cases” (European Union 2016; Ministry of Health 2018). In response to these directives, selective dry-off protocols have been introduced for the dry period, resulting in a substantial reduction in drug use during this phase. The market is also seeing the emergence of companies offering non-antibiotic products based on plant-derived ingredients designed to support the udder in regenerating tissues during this resting phase. These products are often claimed by manufacturers to possess anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulating, and antimicrobial properties, although they are not classified as actual medications. One such product will be considered in this study, with its effectiveness assessed based on strictly zootechnical data, such as the incidence of clinical mastitis and the trend of somatic cell counts before and after the dry period. In the present study, conducted at Società Agricola San Giovanni s.r.l. in Camisano Vicentino (VI), different dry-off products were compared, including a phytotherapeutic product, with the aim of evaluating their effectiveness based on somatic cell count in milk and the incidence of mastitis. The study also considered the health status of the animals and their parity order in addition to the treatment applied.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77970