Mastitis is an inflammatory process that affects the tissues of the mammary gland and can be clinical, subclinical or chronic. Mastitis in dairy cattle farms today is both a social and economic problem, as milk productions decrease and milk quality worsens due to the increase of somatic cells above the cut-off of 200.000 cells/mL (indicating that the animal is in an inflammatory state). Mastitic milk is not suitable for human consumption and presents difficulties in cheese making (due to changes in the permeability of the blood-mammary membrane) which is why a limit of 400.000 cells/ml has been imposed by law on mass milk delivered to cheese factories. The study upon which this thesis is based aimed to evaluate variations in the blood metabolomic profile in relation to subclinical intramammary infection (sIMI) from Streptococcus agalactiae and Prototheca spp in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Health is reflected in phenotype, and metabolomics is used to identify the effects of metabolic changes or the presence of individual metabolites. The purpose of the study was to use metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for mastitis when combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in a more precise manner compared to other methods used today (electrical conductivity and the somatic cells count in milk), thus reducing costs related to pharmacological treatments and lost income. To perform metabolomic analysis samples need to be prepared, standardized and calibrated. Then separation methods (via gas chromatography), metabolite detection (via nuclear magnetic resonance NMR) and data analysis (through specific devices and software) are utilized. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the metabolites that have undergone a change due to mastitis and that the metabolic pathways influenced mainly concern rumen fermentations, energy metabolism, urea synthesis and metabolism, immune and inflammatory system, response and permeability of the mammary gland. These metabolites are responsible for the systemic involvement of sIMI and the metabolic profile of animals affected by SCM undergoes changes related to the etiological agent of mastitis
La mastite è un processo infiammatorio che interessa i tessuti della ghiandola mammaria, può essere clinica, subclinica o cronica. La mastite negli allevamenti di bovine da latte oggi è un problema sociale oltre che economico, le produzioni si riducono e la qualità del latte peggiora a causa dell’aumento delle cellule somatiche al di sopra del cut-off di 200.000 cellule/mL (l’animale si trova in uno stato infiammatorio). Un latte mastitico non è adatto al consumo umano e presenta difficoltà nella caseificazione per questo è stato imposto per legge un limite di 400.000 cellule/ml sul latte di massa consegnato ai caseifici. Lo studio su cui si basa questa tesi mirava a valutare le variazioni del profilo metabolomico del sangue in relazione all’infezione intramammaria subclinica (sIMI) da Streptococcus agalactiae e da Prototheca spp nelle vacche da latte di razza Holstein-Friesian. La salute viene riflessa sul fenotipo, la metabolomica è utilizzata per identificare che effetto hanno i cambiamenti metabolici o la presenza di singoli metaboliti, lo scopo dello studio era proprio quello di utilizzare la metabolomica come strumento di diagnosi di mastite se abbinata alla spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare (NMR) in modo ancora più puntuale rispetto agli altri metodi che si utilizzano oggi, così da abbassare i costi relativi ai trattamenti farmacologici e ai mancati redditi. Per effettuare l’analisi metabolomica occorre preparare i campioni, standardizzare e tarare, poi vengono utilizzati i metodi di separazione (attraverso gascromatografia), procedendo con la rilevazione dei metaboliti (attraverso risonanza magnetica nucleare NMR) e l’analisi dei dati (attraverso dispositivi e software specifici). Dall’analisi metabolomica è emerso che i metaboliti che hanno subito una variazione a causa della mastite e che influenzano percorsi metabolici riguardano principalmente fermentazioni ruminali, metabolismo energetico, sintesi e metabolismo dell'urea, sistema immunitario e infiammatorio, risposta e permeabilità della ghiandola mammaria; proprio questi metaboliti sono responsabili del coinvolgimento sistemico della sIMI e il profilo metabolico degli animali affetti da SCM subisce modifiche legate all’agente eziologico della mastite
Applicazione della metabolomica in vacche affette da mastite causata da Streptococcus Agalactiae e Prototheca spp.
TONIOLO, ROBERTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammatory process that affects the tissues of the mammary gland and can be clinical, subclinical or chronic. Mastitis in dairy cattle farms today is both a social and economic problem, as milk productions decrease and milk quality worsens due to the increase of somatic cells above the cut-off of 200.000 cells/mL (indicating that the animal is in an inflammatory state). Mastitic milk is not suitable for human consumption and presents difficulties in cheese making (due to changes in the permeability of the blood-mammary membrane) which is why a limit of 400.000 cells/ml has been imposed by law on mass milk delivered to cheese factories. The study upon which this thesis is based aimed to evaluate variations in the blood metabolomic profile in relation to subclinical intramammary infection (sIMI) from Streptococcus agalactiae and Prototheca spp in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Health is reflected in phenotype, and metabolomics is used to identify the effects of metabolic changes or the presence of individual metabolites. The purpose of the study was to use metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for mastitis when combined with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in a more precise manner compared to other methods used today (electrical conductivity and the somatic cells count in milk), thus reducing costs related to pharmacological treatments and lost income. To perform metabolomic analysis samples need to be prepared, standardized and calibrated. Then separation methods (via gas chromatography), metabolite detection (via nuclear magnetic resonance NMR) and data analysis (through specific devices and software) are utilized. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the metabolites that have undergone a change due to mastitis and that the metabolic pathways influenced mainly concern rumen fermentations, energy metabolism, urea synthesis and metabolism, immune and inflammatory system, response and permeability of the mammary gland. These metabolites are responsible for the systemic involvement of sIMI and the metabolic profile of animals affected by SCM undergoes changes related to the etiological agent of mastitisFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78011