The subject of this thesis is a historical and pedagogical reading of educational services, starting with the Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia (O.N.M.I.) and ending with today's vision of education and care for children. The changes that have marked the vision of the child and highlighted its centrality have also had consequences at the legislative level, and the structures dedicated to them have undergone significant changes in order to better respond to their cognitive, physical, psychic and social development. There has thus been a shift from a custodialist and welfarist vision of nurseries to an educational and learning vision of educational services. Pedagogy over the years tried to interpret the different needs that arose within society, which were constantly changing. Throughout the twenty-year Fascist period, numerous measures relating to the family unit were promoted and the family issue became a matter of increasing public interest. The Regime's focus on young people played an important role during the 20th century, as in 1925 the Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia (National Maternity and Childhood Organisation) was founded and became widespread. Its aim was to safeguard the health of the youngest children and mothers in order to provide a positive image and effective propaganda for the Fascist Regime. However, with the passing of the years and continuous theoretical/pedagogical as well as legislative developments, a new vision of education and training has emerged. Today, a very important role is played by educational continuity and the integrated ‘0-6’ system, the aim of which is to create a unified and continuous pathway for boys and girls from 0 to 6 years of age, ensuring them equal opportunities in an appropriate context that makes the most of their potential and skills.
Questa tesi ha come oggetto una lettura storica e pedagogica dei servizi educativi partendo dall’Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia (O.N.M.I.) fino a giungere all’odierna visione di educazione e cura dei bambini e delle bambine. I cambiamenti che hanno segnato la visione di bambino e che hanno messo in luce la sua centralità, ha avuto conseguenze anche a livello legislativo e le strutture a loro dedicate hanno subito notevoli cambiamenti per poter rispondere al meglio al loro sviluppo cognitivo, fisico, psichico e sociale. Si è dunque passati da una visione custodialistica e assistenzialistica degli asili nido fino a giungere a una visione educativa e di apprendimento da parte dei servizi educativi. La pedagogia negli anni ha cercato di interpretare le differenti esigenze che sono nate all’interno della società, le quali erano in continua evoluzione. Durante tutto il Ventennio Fascista, sono state promosse numerose misure relative al nucleo familiare e la questione familiare è diventata una questione di interesse sempre più pubblico. L’attenzione verso i giovani, da parte del Regime, ricopre un ruolo importante durante il Novecento, poiché nel 1925 nasce e si diffonde l’Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia la quale ha come obiettivo quello di salvaguardare la salute dei più piccoli e delle madri affinché questo gesto offrisse un’immagine positiva e una propaganda efficace del Regime Fascista. Tuttavia, con il passare degli anni e con le continue evoluzioni sia teoriche/pedagogiche che legislative si ha assistito a una nuova visione di educazione e di formazione. Ad oggi ricopre un ruolo molto importante la continuità educativa e il sistema integrato “0-6” il quale ha come obiettivo quello di dar vita a un percorso unitario e continuo ai bambini e alle bambine dai 0 ai 6 anni assicurandogli pari opportunità in un contesto adeguato e che valorizzi al massimo le loro potenzialità e competenze.
DALL’ O.N.M.I. AI NIDI PER L’INFANZIA. Una lettura storica e pedagogica dei servizi educativi.
ALBANESE, ARIANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
The subject of this thesis is a historical and pedagogical reading of educational services, starting with the Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia (O.N.M.I.) and ending with today's vision of education and care for children. The changes that have marked the vision of the child and highlighted its centrality have also had consequences at the legislative level, and the structures dedicated to them have undergone significant changes in order to better respond to their cognitive, physical, psychic and social development. There has thus been a shift from a custodialist and welfarist vision of nurseries to an educational and learning vision of educational services. Pedagogy over the years tried to interpret the different needs that arose within society, which were constantly changing. Throughout the twenty-year Fascist period, numerous measures relating to the family unit were promoted and the family issue became a matter of increasing public interest. The Regime's focus on young people played an important role during the 20th century, as in 1925 the Opera Nazionale Maternità e Infanzia (National Maternity and Childhood Organisation) was founded and became widespread. Its aim was to safeguard the health of the youngest children and mothers in order to provide a positive image and effective propaganda for the Fascist Regime. However, with the passing of the years and continuous theoretical/pedagogical as well as legislative developments, a new vision of education and training has emerged. Today, a very important role is played by educational continuity and the integrated ‘0-6’ system, the aim of which is to create a unified and continuous pathway for boys and girls from 0 to 6 years of age, ensuring them equal opportunities in an appropriate context that makes the most of their potential and skills.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78110