Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical condition defined as an increase of pulmonary arterial mean pressure greater than 25 mmHg. Pulmonary hypertension can be defined as pre-capillary or post capillary, if due to left heart disease. Hemodynamic changes may have different causes including cardiac and respiratory disorders. Endothelial disfunction is among the factors that can lead to the development of PH and it is linked to a dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Plasmatic dimethylarginines, named asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), are endogenous biomarkers acting like direct or indirect inhibitors of NO production. In human medicine, ADMA is recognized as an important biomarker of cardiac diseases and in veterinary medicine some studies in dogs and horses have investigated this potential role of ADMA. Symmetric dimethylarginine is considered a marker of renal function both in humans and animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the plasmatic concentrations of SDMA, ADMA and their precursor L-arginine and L-arginine/ADMA ratio in dogs with pre or post capillary pulmonary hypertension. This retrospective multicenter study includes dogs referred to the cardiology unit of Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padua and the University of Bologna, with an echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, based on tricuspid regurgitation velocity greater than 3.4 m/s. A group of clinically healthy dogs was included as control group. Each patient underwent a complete physical examination, thoracic radiography, echocardiographic examination, and blood and urine sample were collected for CBC, serum biochemistry profile, urine analysis and NT-proBNP quantification. Plasmatic levels of dimethylarginines were measured through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry on plasmatic samples, previously stored at -80°. The present study found that the median SDMA is higher in dogs with post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (0.53 µmol/l [0.48-0.86]) than in the healthy control group (0.43 µmol/l [0.37-0.47]) (p 0.042); the other dimethylarginines didn’t show significant differences between groups. Significant correlations between SDMA, ADMA and L-arg/ADMA with NT-proBNP also came out and they could be suggestive of association between dimethylarginines and the presence of a cardiac disease. These results show a possible effect of pulmonary hypertension on plasmatic concentrations of SDMA, however future studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.
L’ipertensione polmonare (PH) viene definita come una condizione clinica caratterizzata da un aumento patologico della pressione arteriosa media polmonare, che risulta > 25 mmHg. L’ipertensione polmonare può essere pre-capillare o post-capillare, nel caso origini da patologie del cuore sinistro. Le alterazioni di tipo emodinamico possono avere diversa origine, ed essere associate a patologie di origine cardiaca o respiratoria. Uno dei principali meccanismi alla base dello sviluppo di PH è la disfunzione endoteliale, caratterizzata da un’alterazione nella regolazione della sintesi di ossido nitrico (NO). Le dimetilarginine, più precisamente la dimetilarginina asimmetrica (ADMA) e simmetrica (SDMA), sono biomarker normalmente circolanti all’interno dell’organismo che intervengono in modo diretto o indiretto nell’inibizione della produzione di NO. In medicina umana ADMA è riconosciuto come importante biomarker di una patologia cardiaca e in medicina veterinaria alcuni studi nei cani e nei cavalli hanno indagato questo potenziale valore di ADMA. Da alcuni anni SDMA è utilizzato come marker di funzionalità renale sia nell’uomo che negli animali. L’obiettivo di questo studio è quello di valutare la concentrazione plasmatica di SDMA, ADMA ed il loro precursore, L-arginina, ed il rapporto L-arginina/ADMA in cani affetti da PH di tipo pre e post-capillare. È stato eseguito uno studio di tipo retrospettivo multicentrico nel quale sono stati inclusi i cani afferenti presso le unità operative di cardiologia dell’Ospedale Veterinario Universitario Didattico degli Studi di Padova e degli Studi di Bologna con diagnosi ecocardiografica di ipertensione polmonare, basata sulla velocità di rigurgito tricuspidale > 3.4 m/s. È stato poi selezionato un gruppo di controllo di cani clinicamente sani. Per ciascun paziente è stato eseguito un esame clinico completo, studio radiografico di torace, esame ecocardiografico, esame emocromocitometrico, profilo biochimico, esame delle urine e quantificazione dell’NT-proBNP. La concentrazione delle dimetilarginine plasmatiche è stata valutata mediante spettrometria di massa associata a cromatografia liquida ad alte prestazioni. Dal presente studio è emerso che il valore mediano di SDMA è maggiore nei cani con PH post capillare (0.53 µmol/l [0.48-0.86]) rispetto al gruppo dei sani (0.43 µmol/l [0.37-0.47]) (p 0.042); le altre dimetilarginine non mostrano significative differenze all’interno dei diversi gruppi. Sono emerse anche significative correlazione tra SDMA, ADMA, L-arg/ADMA e NT-proBNP e queste possono essere indicative di un’associazione tra le dimetilarginine e la presenza di una patologia cardiaca. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato la possibile influenza della presenza di ipertensione polmonare sulle concentrazioni plasmatiche di SDMA; tuttavia, studi futuri con casistica più ampia saranno necessari per confermare questa ipotesi.
Valore diagnostico delle Dimetilarginine plasmatiche nei cani affetti da ipertensione polmonare. Studio retrospettivo nel cane.
FRENDA, FRANCESCA LIVIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical condition defined as an increase of pulmonary arterial mean pressure greater than 25 mmHg. Pulmonary hypertension can be defined as pre-capillary or post capillary, if due to left heart disease. Hemodynamic changes may have different causes including cardiac and respiratory disorders. Endothelial disfunction is among the factors that can lead to the development of PH and it is linked to a dysregulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Plasmatic dimethylarginines, named asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), are endogenous biomarkers acting like direct or indirect inhibitors of NO production. In human medicine, ADMA is recognized as an important biomarker of cardiac diseases and in veterinary medicine some studies in dogs and horses have investigated this potential role of ADMA. Symmetric dimethylarginine is considered a marker of renal function both in humans and animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the plasmatic concentrations of SDMA, ADMA and their precursor L-arginine and L-arginine/ADMA ratio in dogs with pre or post capillary pulmonary hypertension. This retrospective multicenter study includes dogs referred to the cardiology unit of Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Padua and the University of Bologna, with an echocardiographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, based on tricuspid regurgitation velocity greater than 3.4 m/s. A group of clinically healthy dogs was included as control group. Each patient underwent a complete physical examination, thoracic radiography, echocardiographic examination, and blood and urine sample were collected for CBC, serum biochemistry profile, urine analysis and NT-proBNP quantification. Plasmatic levels of dimethylarginines were measured through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry on plasmatic samples, previously stored at -80°. The present study found that the median SDMA is higher in dogs with post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (0.53 µmol/l [0.48-0.86]) than in the healthy control group (0.43 µmol/l [0.37-0.47]) (p 0.042); the other dimethylarginines didn’t show significant differences between groups. Significant correlations between SDMA, ADMA and L-arg/ADMA with NT-proBNP also came out and they could be suggestive of association between dimethylarginines and the presence of a cardiac disease. These results show a possible effect of pulmonary hypertension on plasmatic concentrations of SDMA, however future studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78235