The Physiology of Emotions

Emotions represent a fundamental aspect of welfare, significantly influencing the well-being of beings close to us. Animals, to many, are indeed included in the circle of the ones we care for. Why is it important to study the emotional states in animals? Because it is essential for assessing welfare conditions, as understanding emotional experiences provides insight into whether or not an individual is living in optimal conditions. Furthermore, examining animal physiology is critical, as the body operates like a complex machine; understanding its mechanisms allows for informed interventions aimed at improving or maintaining health and welfare when possible and necessary. This thesis will explore the consequences of negative emotions on the body by examining their associated physiological reactions. It will begin by defining both negative and positive mental states, as well as their relationship to animal welfare. Following this, the physiological processes underlying the targeted emotional states will be described, with comparisons drawn to existing knowledge in humans. The final section will focus on interventions aimed at mitigating or reversing the effects of these negative emotional states. One question remains open for exploration: can the concept of mental health be appropriately applied to animals?