Kant's historical-political essays have long been considered only marginal and occasional writings of the philosopher, with no connection to critical philosophy. However, in them one can discern a certain internal coherence and a possible adherence in some points to the transcendental system, as well as a connection to the problem of the moral development of mankind. Starting with the 1784 essay Idea for a Universal History from the Cosmopolitan Point of View, the present work aims to investigate the Kantian idea of history that revolves around the intertwining of man, politics and natural teleology. This first essay, however, has several unclear points, especially in relation to the possibility, in the terrain of history, of a moralization of mankind. These will be resolved in subsequent writings, passing through a necessary comparison with the “Critique of Teleological Judgement” where the purposiveness of nature, from having only a logical-systematic function, receives the role of an a priori principle of the reflective faculty of judgement and philosophy of history finds a position in the transcendental system, albeit in a purely regulative perspective. It is in Perpetual Peace that the contents of the Idea and the conclusions of the third Critique come together, allowing the relationship between history and morality to be framed differently, especially through the duty of perpetual peace linked to the realization of an international cosmopolitan order. A possible relationship between political and moral cosmopolitanism emerges that clarifies the far from marginal role of Kantian cosmopolitanism and, in general, of a history drafted from a philosophical point of view.
I saggi storico-politici di Kant sono stati considerati a lungo solo scritti marginali ed occasionali del filosofo, senza particolari connessioni con la filosofia critica. Tuttavia in essi si può ravvisare una certa coerenza interna ed una possibile aderenza in alcuni punti al sistema trascendentale, nonché una connessione con il problema dello sviluppo morale del genere umano. A partire dal saggio del 1784 Idea per una Storia Universale dal Punto di Vista Cosmopolitico, il presente lavoro si propone di indagare l’idea di storia in Kant nel suo intreccio tra uomo, politica e teleologia naturale. Questo primo saggio, tuttavia, presenta diversi punti oscuri specialmente in relazione all’accenno alla possibilità, sul terreno della storia, di una moralizzazione del genere umano. Questi verranno chiariti negli scritti successivi, passando per un necessario confronto con la “Critica del Giudizio Teleologico” dove la finalità della natura, dal rivestire una funzione solo logico-sistematica, riceve il ruolo di principio a priori della facoltà di giudizio riflettente e la filosofia della storia trova una posizione nel sistema trascendentale, seppur in prospettiva solo regolativa. È però nel saggio Per la Pace Perpetua che i contenuti di Idea e le conclusioni della terza Critica si uniscono, permettendo di inquadrare diversamente la relazione tra storia e morale, specialmente attraverso il dovere di promuovere la pace perpetua, legato alla realizzazione di un assetto cosmopolitico internazionale. Emergerà una possibile relazione tra cosmopolitismo politico e morale che chiarisce il ruolo tutt’altro che marginale del cosmopolitismo kantiano e, in generale, di una storia redatta da un punto di vista filosofico.
Storia, natura e politica. Punto di vista cosmopolitico e dovere della pace in Kant.
DEL ZOTTO, ARIANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
Kant's historical-political essays have long been considered only marginal and occasional writings of the philosopher, with no connection to critical philosophy. However, in them one can discern a certain internal coherence and a possible adherence in some points to the transcendental system, as well as a connection to the problem of the moral development of mankind. Starting with the 1784 essay Idea for a Universal History from the Cosmopolitan Point of View, the present work aims to investigate the Kantian idea of history that revolves around the intertwining of man, politics and natural teleology. This first essay, however, has several unclear points, especially in relation to the possibility, in the terrain of history, of a moralization of mankind. These will be resolved in subsequent writings, passing through a necessary comparison with the “Critique of Teleological Judgement” where the purposiveness of nature, from having only a logical-systematic function, receives the role of an a priori principle of the reflective faculty of judgement and philosophy of history finds a position in the transcendental system, albeit in a purely regulative perspective. It is in Perpetual Peace that the contents of the Idea and the conclusions of the third Critique come together, allowing the relationship between history and morality to be framed differently, especially through the duty of perpetual peace linked to the realization of an international cosmopolitan order. A possible relationship between political and moral cosmopolitanism emerges that clarifies the far from marginal role of Kantian cosmopolitanism and, in general, of a history drafted from a philosophical point of view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78275