ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Introduction: Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs) represent an area of growing clinical interest, particularly for reading and writing difficulties that may be associated with visual and oculomotor dysfunction. Therefore, some specific orthoptic assessment protocols have been developed in children with SLD to highlight visual-perceptual and visuomotor impairments that may be present in the learning disorder. Purpose: To describe the care of a patient with SLD, describing the orthoptic pathway from assessment of visuomotor and visuoperceptual impairments to rehabilitation training, with a review of recent literature. Materials and Methods: The test patient underwent an ocular examination and orthoptic evaluation with the aim of detecting any ocular deviations, visual acuity, extrinsic ocular motility, quality of saccadic movements, convergence and stereopsis. Motor and sensory dominance, eidomorphometry, and reading ability were also assessed using a reading performance test. At the end of visual rehabilitation, orthoptic assessment was repeated to monitor progress. Results: The parameters of visual acuity, ocular deviation, extrinsic ocular motility, convergence and stereopsis were found to be normal in the patient. However, alterations were found in motor and sensory dominance tests, eidomorphometry, and reading performance test, especially in word reading, where speed was significantly lower than normative values. After rehabilitation training, improvements in reading speed were observed, which are supported in the literature as indicators of the effectiveness of orthoptic interventions in SLD. Conclusions: Patients with SLD require targeted orthoptic evaluation aimed at identifying and supporting their often impaired visual-perceptual and motor skills. The results of this clinical case suggest that specific orthoptic evaluation and rehabilitation protocols can be effective tools for identifying and improving learning.
ABSTRACT Introduzione: I Disturbi Specifici dell'Apprendimento (DSA) rappresentano un'area di crescente interesse clinico, in particolare per le difficoltà di lettura e scrittura che possono essere associate a disfunzioni visive e oculomotorie. Nei bambini con DSA, sono stati pertanto sviluppati alcuni specifici protocolli ortottici di valutazione in grado di evidenziare alterazioni visuo-percettive e visuo-motorie per evidenziare deficit visuo-percettivi che possono essere presenti nel disturbo d’apprendimento. Scopo: Descrivere la presa in carico di un paziente affetto da DSA, descrivendone il percorso ortottico, dalla valutazione delle alterazioni visuo-motorie e visuo-percettive al training riabilitativo, con revisione della letteratura più recente. Materiali e Metodi: Il paziente in esame è stato sottoposto a visita oculistica e valutazione ortottica con l’obiettivo di rilevare eventuali deviazioni oculari, acuità visiva, motilità oculare estrinseca, qualità dei movimenti saccadici, convergenza e stereopsi. Sono stati inoltre valutati la dominanza motoria e sensoriale, l’eidomorfometria, e le abilità di lettura tramite il reading performance test. Al termine del percorso di riabilitazione visiva, la valutazione ortottica è stata ripetuta per monitorare i progressi ottenuti. Risultati: I parametri di acuità visiva, deviazione oculare, motilità oculare estrinseca, convergenza e stereopsi risultavano nella norma per il paziente. Tuttavia, sono state riscontrate alterazioni nei test di dominanza motoria e sensoriale, eidomorfometria e nel reading performance test, specialmente nella lettura di parole, dove la velocità risultava significativamente inferiore rispetto ai valori normativi. Dopo il training riabilitativo sono stati osservati miglioramenti nella velocità di lettura, supportato dalla letteratura come indicatore di efficacia degli interventi ortottici nei DSA. Conclusioni: I pazienti con DSA richiedono una valutazione ortottica mirata, volta a identificare e supportare le loro abilità visuo-percettive e motorie, spesso compromesse. I risultati di questo caso clinico indicano che specifici protocolli ortottici valutativi e riabilitativi possono essere strumenti efficaci per evidenziare e potenziare le capacità di apprendimento nei pazienti con DSA. Studi aggiuntivi sono necessari per consolidare questi risultati e definire protocolli di training ortottico standardizzati per il trattamento dei DSA.
Approccio ortottico nei Disturbi Specifici dell'Apprendimento (DSA)
ARTUSO, ANGELA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Introduction: Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs) represent an area of growing clinical interest, particularly for reading and writing difficulties that may be associated with visual and oculomotor dysfunction. Therefore, some specific orthoptic assessment protocols have been developed in children with SLD to highlight visual-perceptual and visuomotor impairments that may be present in the learning disorder. Purpose: To describe the care of a patient with SLD, describing the orthoptic pathway from assessment of visuomotor and visuoperceptual impairments to rehabilitation training, with a review of recent literature. Materials and Methods: The test patient underwent an ocular examination and orthoptic evaluation with the aim of detecting any ocular deviations, visual acuity, extrinsic ocular motility, quality of saccadic movements, convergence and stereopsis. Motor and sensory dominance, eidomorphometry, and reading ability were also assessed using a reading performance test. At the end of visual rehabilitation, orthoptic assessment was repeated to monitor progress. Results: The parameters of visual acuity, ocular deviation, extrinsic ocular motility, convergence and stereopsis were found to be normal in the patient. However, alterations were found in motor and sensory dominance tests, eidomorphometry, and reading performance test, especially in word reading, where speed was significantly lower than normative values. After rehabilitation training, improvements in reading speed were observed, which are supported in the literature as indicators of the effectiveness of orthoptic interventions in SLD. Conclusions: Patients with SLD require targeted orthoptic evaluation aimed at identifying and supporting their often impaired visual-perceptual and motor skills. The results of this clinical case suggest that specific orthoptic evaluation and rehabilitation protocols can be effective tools for identifying and improving learning.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78407