Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating programmes capable of performing tasks that mimic human thought. It is revolutionising the field of medicine and, in particular, in ophthalmology it is being used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness through advanced techniques such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). These technologies make it possible to analyse large amounts of data, identify complex patterns and offer diagnoses and predictions of therapeutic outcomes. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to examine, through an in-depth analysis of the scientific literature, the role of AI in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases of surgical interest. Materials and methods: The methodology adopted includes a systematic review of the scientific literature, conducted on relevant databases, using specific keywords. Results: The research highlighted the important role that AI can play at different stages of the clinical process, supporting physician decisions, predicting disease evolution and optimising therapeutic strategies in the context of vitreoretinal diseases. Future challenges, ethical implications and the potential of large-scale implementation of such technologies were also discussed. Conclusions: The integration of AI in vitreoretinal surgery is transforming the medical landscape, offering new opportunities for early diagnosis, personalised treatment and more precise surgery, with the aim of improving visual outcomes and patients' quality of life.
Introduzione: L’intelligenza artificiale (IA) è una branca dell'informatica che si concentra sulla creazione di programmi capaci di eseguire attività che imitano il pensiero umano. Essa sta rivoluzionando il campo della medicina e, in particolare, in oftalmologia viene utilizzata per migliorare l'efficacia diagnostica e terapeutica grazie a tecniche avanzate come il machine learning (ML) e il deep learning (DL). Queste tecnologie consentono di analizzare grandi quantità di dati, identificare pattern complessi e offrire diagnosi e previsioni sui risultati terapeutici. Scopo dello studio: Lo scopo del presente studio è esaminare, attraverso un'analisi approfondita della letteratura scientifica, il ruolo dell’IA nel trattamento delle patologie vitreoretiniche di interesse chirurgico. Materiali e metodi: La metodologia adottata comprende una revisione sistematica della letteratura scientifica, condotta su database pertinenti, utilizzando parole chiave specifiche. Risultati: La ricerca ha evidenziato l'importante ruolo che l’IA può svolgere in diverse fasi del processo clinico, supportando le decisioni del medico, prevedendo l'evoluzione della malattia e ottimizzando le strategie terapeutiche nell’ambito delle patologie vitreoretiniche. Sono state inoltre discusse le sfide future, le implicazioni etiche e le potenzialità dell'implementazione su larga scala di tali tecnologie. Conclusioni: L'integrazione dell'IA nella chirurgia vitreoretinica sta trasformando il panorama medico, offrendo nuove opportunità per diagnosi precoci, trattamenti personalizzati e una chirurgia più precisa, con l'obiettivo di migliorare gli esiti visivi e la qualità della vita dei pazienti.
Il Ruolo dell'Intelligenza Artificiale nella Chirurgia Vitreoretinica: Analisi delle Applicazioni Cliniche e delle Prospettive Future
GHIOTTO, ROSSELLA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating programmes capable of performing tasks that mimic human thought. It is revolutionising the field of medicine and, in particular, in ophthalmology it is being used to improve diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness through advanced techniques such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). These technologies make it possible to analyse large amounts of data, identify complex patterns and offer diagnoses and predictions of therapeutic outcomes. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to examine, through an in-depth analysis of the scientific literature, the role of AI in the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases of surgical interest. Materials and methods: The methodology adopted includes a systematic review of the scientific literature, conducted on relevant databases, using specific keywords. Results: The research highlighted the important role that AI can play at different stages of the clinical process, supporting physician decisions, predicting disease evolution and optimising therapeutic strategies in the context of vitreoretinal diseases. Future challenges, ethical implications and the potential of large-scale implementation of such technologies were also discussed. Conclusions: The integration of AI in vitreoretinal surgery is transforming the medical landscape, offering new opportunities for early diagnosis, personalised treatment and more precise surgery, with the aim of improving visual outcomes and patients' quality of life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78414