Introduction: Heavy Eye Syndrome is a rare oculomotor condition characterized by convergent strabismus and high axial myopia. Thanks to radiological imaging techniques such as MRI, it is possible to understand its aetiology and see a sliding of the path of the lateral and superior rectus muscles, respectively inferiorly and medially; this displacement of the muscular bellies causes a mechanical restriction of eye movements, which is accompanied by potential diplopia and reduced motility in abduction. The aim of this thesis is to examine in detail the clinical features of the Heavy Eye Syndrome, with a particular focus on the evolution in surgical techniques used for correcting the associated ocular misalignment. The review of medical literature, together with the evaluation of specific clinical cases, allows to compare the available surgical options, including rectus muscle transposition, myopexy and scleral fixation techniques. The potential risks and complications associated with various techniques are also discussed. Materials and Methods: The pre-operative characteristics and post-operative functional results of the clinical cases subjected to Yokoyama’s procedure addressed at the U.O.C. Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore from 2019 to date are described. A comparison with the data from the scientific literature covering a total of 409 patients, aggregated and not aggregated, is performed. Results: Through the use of statistical analysis and graphs, the effectiveness of the surgical technique in question performed at U.O.C. Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore is studied, showing results comparable with the data obtained from the scientific literature. Discussion: The main goal for Heavy Eye Syndrome surgery is to restore the alignment of the visual axes and ensure a good functional result, consisting in a reduction in diplopia and an improvement of ocular motility. The reasons for the variability of the data are also analysed, also as a function of stability over time, for the selected patients. Conclusions: Given the particular aetiology of this condition, the surgical procedures that give the best functional results are those aimed at bringing the globe back inside the muscle cone; among all the techniques, the Yokoyama procedure stands out for its versatility and simplicity of execution. The results of the clinical cases examined at the U.O.C Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore also confirm the effectiveness of this technique. To conclude, this thesis analyses the available options in terms of early diagnosis and personalized intervention, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates Orthoptists, Ophthalmologists and Surgeons, which takes into account the different clinical characteristics of each patient in order to ensure the best possible post-operative outcome.
Introduzione: La sindrome dell'occhio pesante (Heavy Eye Syndrome) rappresenta una rara condizione oculomotoria caratterizzata da strabismo convergente e miopia assiale elevata. Grazie a tecniche di imaging radiologico come la MRI si è potuto comprenderne l’eziologia e vedere uno scivolamento del percorso dei muscoli Retti Laterale e Superiore, rispettivamente inferiormente e medialmente; questo spostamento dei ventri muscolari provoca una restrizione meccanica del movimento oculare, che si accompagna a potenziale diplopia e a ridotta motilità in abduzione. Questo lavoro di tesi si propone di esaminare in dettaglio le caratteristiche cliniche della Heavy Eye Syndrome, con un focus particolare sull’evoluzione nelle tecniche chirurgiche volte alla correzione del disallineamento oculare associato. La revisione della letteratura medica, insieme alla valutazione di casi clinici specifici, permette di confrontare le diverse opzioni chirurgiche disponibili, tra cui la trasposizione del muscolo retto, la miopessia e le tecniche di fissazione sclerale. Vengono discussi anche i potenziali rischi e le complicanze associate alle varie tecniche. Materiali e Metodi: Vengono descritte le caratteristiche pre-operatorie e i risultati funzionali post-operatori dei casi clinici affrontati presso il centro U.O.C. Oculistica di Montecchio Maggiore dal 2019 a oggi e sottoposti a chirurgia secondo Yokoyama, confrontandoli con i dati della letteratura scientifica, aggregati e non, provenienti da un totale di 409 pazienti. Risultati: Tramite l’utilizzo di analisi statistiche e di grafici di studia l’efficacia della tecnica chirurgica in esame eseguita presso il centro U.O.C. Oculistica di Montecchio Maggiore, evidenziando risultati confrontabili con i dati ricavati dalla letteratura. Discussione: L’obiettivo principale della chirurgia per l’Heavy Eye Syndrome è quello di ripristinare l’allineamento degli assi visivi e garantire un buon risultato funzionale, inteso come una riduzione della diplopia e il miglioramento della motilità oculare. Si analizzano le ragioni della variabilità dei dati anche in funzione della stabilità nel tempo per i pazienti in esame. Conclusioni: Considerata la particolare eziologia di questa condizione, le procedure chirurgiche che danno i migliori risultati funzionali sono quelle volte a riportare il globo oculare all'interno del cono muscolare; tra tutte le tecniche spicca la procedura di Yokoyama per versatilità e semplicità di esecuzione. Anche i risultati dei casi clinici presi in esame presso il centro U.O.C. Oculistica di Montecchio Maggiore confermano l'efficacia di questa tecnica. Per concludere, in questa tesi si analizzano le opzioni disponibili in termini di diagnosi precoce e intervento personalizzato, evidenziando l'importanza di un approccio multidisciplinare che integri Ortottisti, Oftalmologi e Chirurghi, che tenga in considerazione le diverse caratteristiche cliniche dei pazienti per garantire il miglior risultato post-operatorio possibile.
MIOPIA E STRABISMO: ANALISI E COMPARAZIONE DEGLI APPROCCI DIAGNOSTICI E CHIRURGICI NELLA GESTIONE DELL'HEAVY EYE SYNDROME
ROSENGART, EDOARDO
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Heavy Eye Syndrome is a rare oculomotor condition characterized by convergent strabismus and high axial myopia. Thanks to radiological imaging techniques such as MRI, it is possible to understand its aetiology and see a sliding of the path of the lateral and superior rectus muscles, respectively inferiorly and medially; this displacement of the muscular bellies causes a mechanical restriction of eye movements, which is accompanied by potential diplopia and reduced motility in abduction. The aim of this thesis is to examine in detail the clinical features of the Heavy Eye Syndrome, with a particular focus on the evolution in surgical techniques used for correcting the associated ocular misalignment. The review of medical literature, together with the evaluation of specific clinical cases, allows to compare the available surgical options, including rectus muscle transposition, myopexy and scleral fixation techniques. The potential risks and complications associated with various techniques are also discussed. Materials and Methods: The pre-operative characteristics and post-operative functional results of the clinical cases subjected to Yokoyama’s procedure addressed at the U.O.C. Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore from 2019 to date are described. A comparison with the data from the scientific literature covering a total of 409 patients, aggregated and not aggregated, is performed. Results: Through the use of statistical analysis and graphs, the effectiveness of the surgical technique in question performed at U.O.C. Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore is studied, showing results comparable with the data obtained from the scientific literature. Discussion: The main goal for Heavy Eye Syndrome surgery is to restore the alignment of the visual axes and ensure a good functional result, consisting in a reduction in diplopia and an improvement of ocular motility. The reasons for the variability of the data are also analysed, also as a function of stability over time, for the selected patients. Conclusions: Given the particular aetiology of this condition, the surgical procedures that give the best functional results are those aimed at bringing the globe back inside the muscle cone; among all the techniques, the Yokoyama procedure stands out for its versatility and simplicity of execution. The results of the clinical cases examined at the U.O.C Ophthalmology Centre of Montecchio Maggiore also confirm the effectiveness of this technique. To conclude, this thesis analyses the available options in terms of early diagnosis and personalized intervention, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates Orthoptists, Ophthalmologists and Surgeons, which takes into account the different clinical characteristics of each patient in order to ensure the best possible post-operative outcome.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78420