Fermentation has evolved from a traditional preservation method to a biotechnological process that enhances food’s nutritional value, sensory qualities, and sustainability. It reduces anti-nutritional factors and enriches nutrients, particularly in legume flours, which are gaining attention as functional ingredients due to their rich nutritional content. However, challenges like anti-nutritional factors limit their use. Fermentation can overcome these challenges by improving the functionality and sensory properties of legume flours for innovative food products. This study investigated a patented fermentation process using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Levilactobacillus brevis to ferment pregelatinized chickpea and red lentil flours. The process included liquid-phase fermentation under various conditions, and microbial growth, organic acid production, antioxidant activity, and reductions in raffinose were measured. Functional properties, such as water-holding capacity, emulsification, and protein digestibility, were also assessed. The results showed that fermentation enhanced antioxidant activity and phenolic compound bioavailability, especially in chickpea flour, and reduced raffinose content. However, no significant changes in protein digestibility were observed, likely due to interactions with fermentation by-products. Functional properties were influenced by pH and protein aggregation. These findings highlight the potential of fermented legume flours as functional ingredients in health-focused and sustainable food innovations. Further research is needed to optimize fermentation and explore its industrial applications.
Le tecniche di fermentazione sono passate da metodi tradizionali di conservazione a approcci biotecnologici avanzati che migliorano il valore nutrizionale, le qualità sensoriali e la sostenibilità degli alimenti. La fermentazione riduce i fattori antinutrizionali e arricchisce il profilo nutrizionale degli alimenti, con particolare attenzione alle farine di legumi, che, nonostante il loro elevato valore nutrizionale, presentano limitazioni. Questo studio ha utilizzato un processo di fermentazione brevettato con Lactiplantibacillus plantarum e Levilactobacillus brevis per fermentare farine di ceci e lenticchie rosse pregelatinizzate. Sono stati misurati vari parametri, tra cui crescita microbica, produzione di acidi, attività antiossidante, contenuto di raffinosio e proprietà funzionali come la capacità di ritenzione dell’acqua, emulsionante e la digeribilità proteica. I risultati hanno mostrato un aumento significativo dell'attività antiossidante e della biodisponibilità dei fenoli nella farina di ceci e una riduzione del raffinosio, ma non cambiamenti significativi nella digeribilità delle proteine. Le proprietà funzionali sono state influenzate dal pH e dall'aggregazione proteica. Questi risultati evidenziano il potenziale delle farine di legumi fermentate come ingredienti funzionali in alimenti sostenibili e salutari, con la necessità di ulteriori ricerche per ottimizzare i parametri di fermentazione.
Study of the effects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on legume flours: setup of a patented process
LOPES, VALENTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Fermentation has evolved from a traditional preservation method to a biotechnological process that enhances food’s nutritional value, sensory qualities, and sustainability. It reduces anti-nutritional factors and enriches nutrients, particularly in legume flours, which are gaining attention as functional ingredients due to their rich nutritional content. However, challenges like anti-nutritional factors limit their use. Fermentation can overcome these challenges by improving the functionality and sensory properties of legume flours for innovative food products. This study investigated a patented fermentation process using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Levilactobacillus brevis to ferment pregelatinized chickpea and red lentil flours. The process included liquid-phase fermentation under various conditions, and microbial growth, organic acid production, antioxidant activity, and reductions in raffinose were measured. Functional properties, such as water-holding capacity, emulsification, and protein digestibility, were also assessed. The results showed that fermentation enhanced antioxidant activity and phenolic compound bioavailability, especially in chickpea flour, and reduced raffinose content. However, no significant changes in protein digestibility were observed, likely due to interactions with fermentation by-products. Functional properties were influenced by pH and protein aggregation. These findings highlight the potential of fermented legume flours as functional ingredients in health-focused and sustainable food innovations. Further research is needed to optimize fermentation and explore its industrial applications.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78683