This study investigates four Urushi lacquer artifacts housed at the Oriental Art Museum in Venice (Il Museo d'Arte Orientale di Venezia, MAO) . These include a brush holder (inv. 10736/10410), a fan-shaped covered box (inv. 10721/10368), a box with drawers (inv. 10781/10355), and a polychrome plate (inv. 10766). The study aims to: 1) characterize the pigments and the chemical composition of the Urushi lacquers; 2) assess their provenance based on historical-iconographic and scientific analysis. To achieve this, a two-step approach was used. In the first step, wide historical research on Urushi lacquer production in China and Japan was combined with iconographic analysis, supported by Digital Microscopy for surface examination. In the second step, an overview of the materials present in the four artifacts was carried out in situ using non-invasive techniques such as Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), Infrared External Reflectance, and Digital Optical Microscopy to analyze the materials. On fragments naturally detached from the artifacts, non-destructive methods (micro-Raman, micro-FTIR, SEM-EDS, EPR) were applied to characterize, also stratigraphically, the materials, having insight in the production technique and in the degradation processes. For more detailed organic analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used on two small fragments from the brush holder and the fan-shaped box. This analysis helped identify lacquer tree species and additives. By cross-referencing historical, iconographic, non-invasive and invasive scientific data, the materials and techniques used to create these artifacts were understood. The study also identified the likely origins (China or Japan) and examined the causes of deterioration. The significance of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, combining historical research with materials science to improve understanding of the craftsmanship, provenance, and conservation needs of Asian lacquerware. This study showcases the value and limitations of both invasive and non-invasive scientific techniques for lacquerware analysis.
Questo studio indaga quattro manufatti in lacca Urushi conservati presso il Museo d'Arte Orientale di Venezia (MAO). Questi includono un portapennelli (inv. 10736/10410), una scatola coperta a forma di ventaglio (inv. 10721/10368), una scatola con cassetti (inv. 10781/10355) e un piatto policromo (inv. 10766). L'obiettivo dello studio è duplice: 1) caratterizzare i pigmenti e la composizione chimica delle lacche Urushi; 2) valutare la provenienza dei manufatti basandosi su un'analisi storico-iconografica e scientifica. Per raggiungere questi obiettivi, è stato adottato un approccio in due fasi. Nella prima fase, un'ampia ricerca storica sulla produzione della lacca Urushi in Cina e Giappone è stata combinata con un'analisi iconografica, supportata da Microscopia Digitale per l'esame delle superfici. Nella seconda fase, è stata effettuata una panoramica dei materiali presenti nei quattro manufatti, utilizzando tecniche non invasive in situ come la Spettroscopia di Riflettanza a Fibra Ottica (FORS), la Riflettanza Esterna Infrarossa e la Microscopia Ottica Digitale. Su frammenti naturalmente distaccati dai manufatti, sono stati applicati metodi non distruttivi (micro-Raman, micro-FTIR, SEM-EDS, EPR) per caratterizzare, anche stratigraficamente, i materiali, ottenendo informazioni sulla tecnica di produzione e sui processi di degrado. Per un'analisi organica più dettagliata, è stata utilizzata la Gas Cromatografia-Spettrometria di Massa (GC-MS) su due piccoli frammenti prelevati dal portapennelli e dalla scatola a forma di ventaglio. Questa analisi ha permesso di identificare le specie di alberi da cui è stata prodotta la lacca e gli additivi utilizzati. Incrociando i dati storici e iconografici con metodi scientifici invasivi e non, sono stati compresi i materiali e le tecniche utilizzate per creare questi manufatti. Lo studio ha, inoltre, identificato le probabili origini (Cina o Giappone) ed esaminato le cause del deterioramento. L'importanza di questa ricerca risiede nel suo approccio interdisciplinare che combina ricerca storica e scienza dei materiali con lo scopo di migliorare la comprensione della maestria artigianale, della provenienza e delle esigenze di conservazione dei manufatti in lacca asiatica. Lo studio mette in luce il valore e i limiti delle tecniche scientifiche, sia invasive che non, nell'analisi della lacca.
Lacca Urushi in quattro manufatti asiatici del MAO: studio storico-iconografico e analisi dei materiali
LIU, SHANG-YING
2023/2024
Abstract
This study investigates four Urushi lacquer artifacts housed at the Oriental Art Museum in Venice (Il Museo d'Arte Orientale di Venezia, MAO) . These include a brush holder (inv. 10736/10410), a fan-shaped covered box (inv. 10721/10368), a box with drawers (inv. 10781/10355), and a polychrome plate (inv. 10766). The study aims to: 1) characterize the pigments and the chemical composition of the Urushi lacquers; 2) assess their provenance based on historical-iconographic and scientific analysis. To achieve this, a two-step approach was used. In the first step, wide historical research on Urushi lacquer production in China and Japan was combined with iconographic analysis, supported by Digital Microscopy for surface examination. In the second step, an overview of the materials present in the four artifacts was carried out in situ using non-invasive techniques such as Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), Infrared External Reflectance, and Digital Optical Microscopy to analyze the materials. On fragments naturally detached from the artifacts, non-destructive methods (micro-Raman, micro-FTIR, SEM-EDS, EPR) were applied to characterize, also stratigraphically, the materials, having insight in the production technique and in the degradation processes. For more detailed organic analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used on two small fragments from the brush holder and the fan-shaped box. This analysis helped identify lacquer tree species and additives. By cross-referencing historical, iconographic, non-invasive and invasive scientific data, the materials and techniques used to create these artifacts were understood. The study also identified the likely origins (China or Japan) and examined the causes of deterioration. The significance of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, combining historical research with materials science to improve understanding of the craftsmanship, provenance, and conservation needs of Asian lacquerware. This study showcases the value and limitations of both invasive and non-invasive scientific techniques for lacquerware analysis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78723