Interest in the effects of green spaces within school environments is growing steadily and, for this reason, it is relevant to explore the associated potential cognitive and emotional benefits. Most studies conducted so far have focused on the regenerative effects of short breaks spent in natural spaces in relation to students' attention and emotional well-being. Instead, the present study aims to investigate whether passive exposure to nature during regular school lessons results in a lower consumption of attentional resources, as hypothesised by the Attention Restoration Theory (ART; Kaplan, 1995), and whether such exposure results in improved conceptual learning. Recently, the effect of environmental sensitivity, a personality trait, on conceptual learning has also begun to be investigated. However, the literature on this topic is still very limited and needs further investigation. The present study examined the effects of green on the conceptual learning of sixth- and seventh-grade children. The participants, a total of 124 children, attended two lessons in different physical settings: one in the classroom and one outdoors in a natural green environment. Both conceptual learning, through a multiple-choice quiz, and whether the level of learning was modulated by environmental sensitivity were assessed before and after the lessons. A significant effect of environmental sensitivity and learning context (classroom or green space) on conceptual learning ability emerged. In particular, subjects with a lower sensitivity to the environment showed a significant improvement when the lesson took place in a natural context, indicating how the green environment can foster cognitive performance, modulating its impact according to individual characteristics. In line with the hypotheses formulated, the natural environment had significant positive effects on conceptual learning and environmental sensitivity modulated the effects. The results are discussed taking into consideration possible disturbance variables and suggestions for future research. It is emphasised that further research is needed to investigate the potential of lessons conducted in natural green environments and the impact of environmental sensitivity on conceptual learning.
L'interesse verso gli effetti degli spazi verdi all'interno degli ambienti scolastici è in costante crescita e, per questo motivo, risulta rilevante esplorare i potenziali benefici cognitivi ed emotivi associati. La maggior parte degli studi condotti finora si è concentrata sugli effetti rigenerativi di brevi pause trascorse in spazi naturali, in relazione all'attenzione e al benessere emotivo degli studenti. Il presente studio si propone, invece, di indagare se l'esposizione passiva alla natura, durante le consuete lezioni scolastiche, comporti un minore consumo delle risorse attentive, come ipotizzato dall’Attention Restoration Theory (ART; Kaplan, 1995), e se tale esposizione si traduca in un miglioramento dell’apprendimento concettuale, utilizzando un disegno within-subjects. Recentemente, inoltre, si è iniziato a investigare l'effetto che la sensibilità ambientale, un tratto della personalità (Pluess, 2015), può avere sull'apprendimento concettuale. Tuttavia, la letteratura su questo argomento è ancora molto limitata e necessita di ulteriori approfondimenti. Il presente studio ha esaminato gli effetti del verde sull’apprendimento concettuale di bambini di prima e seconda media. I partecipanti, un totale di 124 bambini, hanno seguito due lezioni in contesti fisici differenti: una in aula e una all'aperto, in un ambiente naturale verde. Prima e dopo le lezioni sono stati valutati sia l’apprendimento concettuale, attraverso un quiz a scelta multipla, sia se il livello di apprendimento fosse modulato dalla sensibilità ambientale. È emerso un effetto rilevante della sensibilità ambientale e del contesto di apprendimento (in aula o in uno spazio verde) sulle capacità di apprendimento concettuale. In particolare, i soggetti con una minore sensibilità all'ambiente hanno evidenziato un miglioramento significativo quando la lezione si è svolta in un contesto naturale, indicando come l'ambiente verde possa favorire le prestazioni cognitive, modulando il suo impatto in base alle caratteristiche individuali. In linea con le ipotesi formulate, l’ambiente naturale ha avuto effetti positivi significativi sull’apprendimento concettuale e la sensibilità ambientale ne ha modulato gli effetti. I risultati vengono discussi prendendo in considerazione possibili variabili di disturbo e suggerimenti per la ricerca futura. Si sottolinea la necessità di ulteriori ricerche per approfondire le potenzialità delle lezioni svolte in ambienti naturali verdi e l’impatto della sensibilità ambientale sull’apprendimento concettuale.
Aula o natura? Gli effetti dell'ambiente fisico di apprendimento sulla prestazione cognitiva degli studenti
BRACCHI, ELISA
2023/2024
Abstract
Interest in the effects of green spaces within school environments is growing steadily and, for this reason, it is relevant to explore the associated potential cognitive and emotional benefits. Most studies conducted so far have focused on the regenerative effects of short breaks spent in natural spaces in relation to students' attention and emotional well-being. Instead, the present study aims to investigate whether passive exposure to nature during regular school lessons results in a lower consumption of attentional resources, as hypothesised by the Attention Restoration Theory (ART; Kaplan, 1995), and whether such exposure results in improved conceptual learning. Recently, the effect of environmental sensitivity, a personality trait, on conceptual learning has also begun to be investigated. However, the literature on this topic is still very limited and needs further investigation. The present study examined the effects of green on the conceptual learning of sixth- and seventh-grade children. The participants, a total of 124 children, attended two lessons in different physical settings: one in the classroom and one outdoors in a natural green environment. Both conceptual learning, through a multiple-choice quiz, and whether the level of learning was modulated by environmental sensitivity were assessed before and after the lessons. A significant effect of environmental sensitivity and learning context (classroom or green space) on conceptual learning ability emerged. In particular, subjects with a lower sensitivity to the environment showed a significant improvement when the lesson took place in a natural context, indicating how the green environment can foster cognitive performance, modulating its impact according to individual characteristics. In line with the hypotheses formulated, the natural environment had significant positive effects on conceptual learning and environmental sensitivity modulated the effects. The results are discussed taking into consideration possible disturbance variables and suggestions for future research. It is emphasised that further research is needed to investigate the potential of lessons conducted in natural green environments and the impact of environmental sensitivity on conceptual learning.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bracchi_Elisa.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
755.2 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
755.2 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79484