Schizophrenia, first described by P. Pinel in the early 1800s, featured in the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it is one of the most disabling disorders, impairing the level of functioning in different areas, such as work, interpersonal relations or self-care. It is a psychotic manifestation characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (delusions and hallucinations), negative symptoms (abulia, anhedonia, unsociability, alogia and flattening of affectivity) and disorganizing symptoms (disorganized speech and behavior). Through many research studies, specific brain alterations have been highlighted in patients affected by schizophrenia such as ventricular abnormalities, cortical abnormalities, abnormalities in brain connectivity and, in general, in different brain areas, which alterations are closely related to the cognitive and functional dysfunctions found in these patients. It is important to analyze the brain alterations found in patients affected by schizophrenia who present auditory hallucinations, highlighting the brain areas most associated with this situation and to be able to better understand the link between them. In these patients were found brain alterations in several areas such as, for example, the arcuate fasciculus, auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus and many others, all of which are described in the work in question. Many academics, moved by interest in the study of auditory hallucinations, have drafted alternative therapeutic treatments such as AVATAR Therapy, devised by Julian Leff in 2008.This new approach involves patients "dialoguing" with a digital representation of the presumed source of these voices. The therapist's task is to help the patient manage and diminish the voice's power that holds over him, urging him to develop assertiveness and greater self-esteem.
La schizofrenia, descritta per la prima volta da P. Pinel agli inizi dell'800, presente nel Manuale Diagnostico dei Disturbi Mentali (DSM-5), è uno dei disturbi più invalidanti, compromettendo il funzionamento sociale, lavorativo e personale del paziente. Si tratta di una manifestazione psicotica caratterizzata dalla presenza di sintomi positivi (deliri e allucinazioni), sintomi negativi (abulia, anedonia, asocialità, alogia e appiattimento dell'affettività) e sintomi disorganizzanti (eloquio e comportamento disorganizzato). Attraverso numerosi studi di ricerca sono state evidenziate specifiche alterazioni cerebrali nei pazienti che presentano schizofrenia quali anormalità ventricolari, corticali, a carico della connettività cerebrale e in generale in diverse aree cerebrali, le quali alterazioni sono strettamente connesse con le disfunzioni cognitive e funzionali riscontrabili nei pazienti in questione. Importante analizzare nello specifico le alterazioni cerebrali che si riscontrano nei pazienti affetti da schizofrenia che presentano allucinazioni uditive, evidenziando le aree cerebrali maggiormente associate a tale situazione e comprendendo meglio il legame tra le due. Si è rilevato una connessione tra le allucinazioni uditive e alterazioni cerebrali in diverse aree quali, per esempio, il fascicolo arcuato, la corteccia uditiva, la corteccia cingolata, l'insula, il giro temporale superiore e molte altre, le quali sono tutte descritte nel lavoro in questione. L'interesse per le allucinazioni uditive, nei pazienti con schizofrenia, ha inoltre mosso numerosi studiosi a redigere trattamenti terapeutici alternativi come l'AVATAR Therapy, ideata da Julian Leff nel 2008. Questo nuovo approccio consiste nel far "dialogare" i pazienti con una rappresentazione digitale della presunta fonte di queste voci. Il compito del terapeuta è aiutare il paziente a gestire e a far diminuire il potere che la voce detiene su di lui, esortandolo a sviluppare un atteggiamento di assertività e una maggiore autostima.
Schizofrenia: le basi biologiche delle allucinazioni uditive ed il loro trattamento
ASERO, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Schizophrenia, first described by P. Pinel in the early 1800s, featured in the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it is one of the most disabling disorders, impairing the level of functioning in different areas, such as work, interpersonal relations or self-care. It is a psychotic manifestation characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (delusions and hallucinations), negative symptoms (abulia, anhedonia, unsociability, alogia and flattening of affectivity) and disorganizing symptoms (disorganized speech and behavior). Through many research studies, specific brain alterations have been highlighted in patients affected by schizophrenia such as ventricular abnormalities, cortical abnormalities, abnormalities in brain connectivity and, in general, in different brain areas, which alterations are closely related to the cognitive and functional dysfunctions found in these patients. It is important to analyze the brain alterations found in patients affected by schizophrenia who present auditory hallucinations, highlighting the brain areas most associated with this situation and to be able to better understand the link between them. In these patients were found brain alterations in several areas such as, for example, the arcuate fasciculus, auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus and many others, all of which are described in the work in question. Many academics, moved by interest in the study of auditory hallucinations, have drafted alternative therapeutic treatments such as AVATAR Therapy, devised by Julian Leff in 2008.This new approach involves patients "dialoguing" with a digital representation of the presumed source of these voices. The therapist's task is to help the patient manage and diminish the voice's power that holds over him, urging him to develop assertiveness and greater self-esteem.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79511