The paper examines certain problematic issues concerning the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the administration of justice, focusing on the constitutional issues that arise from the use of predictive technologies in the judicial system. The work explores the role of AI both as a potential substitute for the judge, analyzing the risks of “dehumanization” and “algorithmic bias”, and as a support tool capable of assisting judges in evaluating evidence and formulating decisions. It assesses the legal (and ethical) implications of both modes of use, comparing current regulations with the challenges posed by the adoption of automated systems. In particular, the case “Loomis v. Wisconsin” in the United States of America (USA), of 2016, is analyzed, where the use of predictive risk algorithms raised crucial questions regarding fairness and transparency in the decision-making process. The impact of the recent AI Act of 2024 (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) is then discussed, which introduces new rules and ethical standards for the use of AI in the legal field, highlighting how these measures can help ensure accountability and transparency in the application of automated systems. Through critical analysis, the conclusion highlights the tensions between technological efficiency and constitutional rights, proposing some recommendations for regulation that ensures a balance between technological innovation on one hand and the fundamental and inalienable respect for principles and fundamental rights on the other.
L’elaborato esamina talune questioni problematiche che riguardano l’impatto dell’intelligenza artificiale (IA) sull’amministrazione della giustizia, con un focus sulle problematiche costituzionali che emergono dall’uso di tecnologie predittive nel sistema giudiziario. Il lavoro esplora il ruolo dell’IA sia come potenziale sostituto del giudice, analizzando i rischi di “deumanizzazione” e “bias algoritmico”, sia come strumento di supporto, in grado di assistere i giudici nella valutazione delle prove e nella formulazione delle decisioni. Si valutano le implicazioni (anche etiche oltre che) giuridiche di entrambe le modalità di utilizzo, confrontando le normative attualmente vigenti con le sfide poste dall’adozione di sistemi automatizzati. In particolare, viene analizzato il “Caso Loomis v. Wisconsin” verificatosi negli Stati Uniti d’America (USA), nel 2016, ove l’uso di algoritmi predittivi di rischio ha sollevato interrogativi cruciali riguardo all’equità ed alla trasparenza nel processo decisionale. Si discute quindi l’impatto del recente IA Act del 2024 (regolamento (UE) 2024/1689), che introduce nuove regole e standard etici per l’uso delle IA in ambito giuridico, evidenziando come queste misure possano contribuire a garantire la responsabilità e la trasparenza nell’applicazione di sistemi automatizzati. Attraverso un’analisi critica, si evidenziano, in conclusione, le tensioni tra l’efficienza tecnologica ed i diritti costituzionali, proponendo talune raccomandazioni per una regolamentazione che garantisca un equilibrio tra l’innovazione tecnologica da un lato e, dall’altro lato, il fondamentale ed inderogabile rispetto dei principi e dei diritti fondamentali.
Giustizia e Intelligenza Artificiale: problematiche costituzionali
RUDATIS, MARCO
2023/2024
Abstract
The paper examines certain problematic issues concerning the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the administration of justice, focusing on the constitutional issues that arise from the use of predictive technologies in the judicial system. The work explores the role of AI both as a potential substitute for the judge, analyzing the risks of “dehumanization” and “algorithmic bias”, and as a support tool capable of assisting judges in evaluating evidence and formulating decisions. It assesses the legal (and ethical) implications of both modes of use, comparing current regulations with the challenges posed by the adoption of automated systems. In particular, the case “Loomis v. Wisconsin” in the United States of America (USA), of 2016, is analyzed, where the use of predictive risk algorithms raised crucial questions regarding fairness and transparency in the decision-making process. The impact of the recent AI Act of 2024 (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) is then discussed, which introduces new rules and ethical standards for the use of AI in the legal field, highlighting how these measures can help ensure accountability and transparency in the application of automated systems. Through critical analysis, the conclusion highlights the tensions between technological efficiency and constitutional rights, proposing some recommendations for regulation that ensures a balance between technological innovation on one hand and the fundamental and inalienable respect for principles and fundamental rights on the other.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/79981