Background: Cerebral concussion can result in a wide range of symptoms collectively defining the post-concussion syndrome (PCS); these symptoms are typically categorized into four main domains: physical, cognitive, emotional and sleep disorders. Persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), on the other hand, refer to manifestations that extend beyond the normal recovery period, which in children is set at four weeks. Aim of the study: The primary aim is a comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with PCS and those with PPCS. Secondary aims include assessing the level of satisfaction expressed by patients and their families regarding the care received at the Concussion Clinic associated with the Sports Medicine Unit at the University Hospital of Padova. Methods: This cross-sectional study included pediatric patients diagnosed with concussion and accompanied by at least one symptom or sign potentially related to the concussion. Data were collected and managed using REDCap and included demographic characteristics, trauma dynamics, self-assessment questionnaires of symptoms in the acute phase and at the first ambulatory visit and satisfaction surveys. A descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was conducted to characterize the study population. Results: A total of 29 patients were evaluated during the study period, 17 with PCS and 12 with PPCS. The PPCS group exhibited a higher acute-phase median of average symptom intensities and a higher scute-phase median number of symptoms compared to the PCS group (3,4 (IQR 2,7-4,4) vs 3 (IQR 2,8-3,7); 10 (IQR 5,5-12,5) vs 8 (IQR 6-11)). Additionally, the PPCS group showed a greater percentage of female patients (58,3% vs 29,4%; p-value = 0,119) and a greater percentage of patients with a history of prior traumatic brain injury (25% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,780). Patients with PPCS also reported a higher prevalence of acute post-traumatic sleep disorders (33,3% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403) and sadness (33,3% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403). Moreover, while 100% of PCS patients engaged in sports activity, this percentage dropped to 83,3% among PPCS patients (p-value = 0,163). Symptoms with the highest overall acute post-traumatic burden were headache, memory difficulties, dizziness, neck pain, nausea and /or vomit, fatigue and mental confusion. Regarding the trends of symptom variation from the acute phase to the first ambulatory visit, symptoms such as sleep disorders, sadness, concentration difficulties, increased emotionality, nervousness and irritability showed limited improvement or even worsened in PPCS patients. Responses to satisfaction surveys were assessed using a scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 7 (“absolutely”); the median score was 7 for each question of the survey. Conclusions: Main risk factors associated with prolonged post-concussion symptoms include a high acute symptom burden, female sex, sleep disorders and sadness during the post-traumatic period, as well as a history of prior traumatic brain injuries. Early identification of these risk factors could improve patient management and reduce recovery times. Symptom variation trends over time revealed that psychological and cognitive symptoms tend to persist or even worsen in PPCS patients. Finally, the analysis of satisfaction survey responses indicated an overall very high level of satisfaction with the services provided by the clinic.
Presupposti dello studio: La concussione cerebrale può generare una vasta gamma di sintomi, che definiscono il quadro di sintomi post-concussivi (PCS); tali sintomi vengono generalmente raggruppati in quattro domini principali: fisici, cognitivi, emotivi e disturbi del sonno. I sintomi persistenti post-concussivi (PPCS) si riferiscono a manifestazioni sintomatologiche che si protraggono oltre il normale periodo di recupero, che nei bambini è di quattro settimane. Scopo dello studio: L'obiettivo primario è l’analisi comparativa delle caratteristiche cliniche tra pazienti con PCS e pazienti con PPCS. Gli obiettivi secondari includono la valutazione del livello di soddisfazione espresso dai pazienti e dalle loro famiglie rispetto all’assistenza ricevuta presso l’Ambulatorio Concussion associato all’UOC di Medicina dello Sport dell’AOUP. Materiali e metodi: Questo studio trasversale ha incluso pazienti pediatrici con diagnosi di concussione cerebrale accompagnata dalla presenza di almeno un sintomo o segno potenzialmente correlabile alla concussione cerebrale stessa. I dati sono stati raccolti e gestiti utilizzando REDCap e comprendono caratteristiche demografiche, dinamica del trauma, questionario di autovalutazione dei sintomi acuti post-traumatici e alla prima valutazione in ambulatorio e questionario di soddisfazione. È stata eseguita un’analisi statistica descrittiva e di confronto tra gruppi per caratterizzare la popolazione dello studio. Risultati: Durante il periodo di studio, sono stati valutati in totale 29 pazienti, di cui 17 con PCS e 12 con PPCS. Il gruppo con PPCS ha mostrato in acuto una mediana delle intensità medie e una mediana del numero di sintomi superiori rispetto al gruppo con PCS (3,4 (IQR 2,7-4,4) vs 3 (IQR 2,8-3,7); 10 (IQR 5,5-12,5) vs 8 (IQR 6-11)). Inoltre, il gruppo con PPCS ha evidenziato un maggior numero di pazienti di sesso femminile (58,3% vs 29,4%; p-value = 0,119), oltre ad una maggiore percentuale di pazienti con anamnesi positiva per traumi cranici pregressi (25% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,780). I pazienti con PPCS hanno poi riportato una frequenza maggiore di disturbi del sonno (33,3% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403) e di tristezza (33,33% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403) in fase acuta post-traumatica. Il 100% dei pazienti con PCS pratica attività sportiva, mentre nei pazienti con PPCS questa percentuale è dell’83,3% (p-value = 0,163). I sintomi che complessivamente si sono dimostrati avere un carico maggiore nel periodo acuto post-traumatico sono cefalea, difficoltà a ricordare, vertigini, cervicalgia, nausea e/o vomito, spossatezza e confusione mentale. Per quanto riguarda i trend di variazione dei sintomi dalla fase acuta alla prima visita ambulatoriale, sintomi quali disturbi del sonno, tristezza, difficoltà a concentrarsi, emotività aumentata, nervosismo e irritabilità tendono a migliorare in modo molto limitato o addirittura a peggiorare nei pazienti con PPCS. Le risposte fornite ai questionari di soddisfazione sono state valutate utilizzando una scala da 1 (“per nulla”) a 7 (“assolutamente”); il punteggio mediano si è attestato su un valore di 7 per ognuna delle domande del questionario. Conclusioni: Tra i principali fattori di rischio associati al prolungamento dei sintomi post-concussivi si riscontrano elevato carico sintomatologico in fase acuta, sesso femminile, disturbi del sonno e tristezza nel periodo post-traumatico e anamnesi patologica remota positiva per traumi cranici; la loro identificazione precoce potrebbe migliorare la gestione dei pazienti e diminuire i tempi di recupero. I trend di variazione dei sintomi nel tempo hanno poi evidenziato che sintomi psicologici e cognitivi tendono a persistere o addirittura a peggiorare nei pazienti con PPCS. Infine, l’analisi delle risposte ai questionari di gradimento somministrati ai pazienti ha rivelato un livello complessivo molto elevato di soddisfazione nei confronti del servizio offerto dall’ambulatorio.
La concussione cerebrale in eta' pediatrica: esperienza dell'ambulatorio concussion dell'Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova
SORAVIA, MATILDE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Cerebral concussion can result in a wide range of symptoms collectively defining the post-concussion syndrome (PCS); these symptoms are typically categorized into four main domains: physical, cognitive, emotional and sleep disorders. Persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), on the other hand, refer to manifestations that extend beyond the normal recovery period, which in children is set at four weeks. Aim of the study: The primary aim is a comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with PCS and those with PPCS. Secondary aims include assessing the level of satisfaction expressed by patients and their families regarding the care received at the Concussion Clinic associated with the Sports Medicine Unit at the University Hospital of Padova. Methods: This cross-sectional study included pediatric patients diagnosed with concussion and accompanied by at least one symptom or sign potentially related to the concussion. Data were collected and managed using REDCap and included demographic characteristics, trauma dynamics, self-assessment questionnaires of symptoms in the acute phase and at the first ambulatory visit and satisfaction surveys. A descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was conducted to characterize the study population. Results: A total of 29 patients were evaluated during the study period, 17 with PCS and 12 with PPCS. The PPCS group exhibited a higher acute-phase median of average symptom intensities and a higher scute-phase median number of symptoms compared to the PCS group (3,4 (IQR 2,7-4,4) vs 3 (IQR 2,8-3,7); 10 (IQR 5,5-12,5) vs 8 (IQR 6-11)). Additionally, the PPCS group showed a greater percentage of female patients (58,3% vs 29,4%; p-value = 0,119) and a greater percentage of patients with a history of prior traumatic brain injury (25% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,780). Patients with PPCS also reported a higher prevalence of acute post-traumatic sleep disorders (33,3% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403) and sadness (33,3% vs 17,7%; p-value = 0,403). Moreover, while 100% of PCS patients engaged in sports activity, this percentage dropped to 83,3% among PPCS patients (p-value = 0,163). Symptoms with the highest overall acute post-traumatic burden were headache, memory difficulties, dizziness, neck pain, nausea and /or vomit, fatigue and mental confusion. Regarding the trends of symptom variation from the acute phase to the first ambulatory visit, symptoms such as sleep disorders, sadness, concentration difficulties, increased emotionality, nervousness and irritability showed limited improvement or even worsened in PPCS patients. Responses to satisfaction surveys were assessed using a scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 7 (“absolutely”); the median score was 7 for each question of the survey. Conclusions: Main risk factors associated with prolonged post-concussion symptoms include a high acute symptom burden, female sex, sleep disorders and sadness during the post-traumatic period, as well as a history of prior traumatic brain injuries. Early identification of these risk factors could improve patient management and reduce recovery times. Symptom variation trends over time revealed that psychological and cognitive symptoms tend to persist or even worsen in PPCS patients. Finally, the analysis of satisfaction survey responses indicated an overall very high level of satisfaction with the services provided by the clinic.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80420