Background. Lymphedema is a chronic condition that develops when the lymphatic system is unable to adequately drain lymph from tissues, leading to persistent swelling, chronic inflammation, and an increase in fibroadipose tissue. This condition can be primary, due to congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system, or secondary, resulting from infections, trauma, or surgery, particularly following cancer therapies. If the correct management procedures are not applied, complications such as infections, reduced mobility, psychological disorders, and disabilities may occur. The standard treatment is Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), an intervention that combines various techniques such as skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, compression with bandages and elastic stockings and physical exercise. Compression is crucial, as it plays an essential role in reducing swelling and improving lymphatic drainage. Objectives. The primary goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of compression bandages available at Asiago Hospital: low-elasticity bandages (10%), medium- elasticity bandages (20%), and high-elasticity bandages (50%). The study aimed to determine which bandage generated the highest pressure immediately after application (time t0), an essential parameter for reducing the volume of edema and facilitating lymphatic drainage in patients with lymphedema. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Lymphology Rehabilitation Service of Asiago Hospital and involved four volunteer staff members with clinical signs of lymphedema and two hospitalized volunteers. Each participant was bandaged with all three types of compression bandages at different times and in varying orders. The pressure generated by the bandages was measured immediately after application (time t0) using the PicoPress device, which allowed for pressure measurement on the front and back of the leg. To ensure reliable results, applications were spaced out in time to allow the lymphedema to return to a neutral condition before each new measurement. Results. The study results showed that the medium-elasticity bandage (20%) produced the highest pressure immediately after application compared to the low-elasticity (10%) and high-elasticity (50%) bandages. The recorded pressures indicate that this type of bandage can provide sufficient compression to manage lymphedema, making it an ideal tool in the initial stage of treatment. While both low- and high-elasticity bandages proved effective, the medium-elasticity bandage offered an optimal balance of compression, cost, and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions. Our study found that the medium-elasticity bandage (20%) is the best choice for generating the pressure needed to reduce swelling in patients with lymphedema. It provides adequate compression, facilitating lymph drainage and controlling edema, while also being the most advantageous in terms of cost-effectiveness compared to high-elasticity (more expensive) and low- elasticity (less effective) bandages. Although the results are promising, they need to be confirmed with larger patient samples. Further studies should also investigate the maintenance of pressure over time, especially during daily activities and physical exercise, and evaluate the effectiveness of self- bandaging patients’ ability to apply bandages independently.
Background. Il linfedema è una malattia cronica che si sviluppa quando il sistema linfatico non riesce a drenare adeguatamente la linfa dai tessuti causando gonfiore persistente, infiammazione cronica e un aumento del tessuto fibro-adiposo. Questa condizione può essere primaria, causata da anomalie congenite del sistema linfatico, oppure secondaria, quando è dovuta a infezioni, traumi o interventi chirurgici, soprattutto in seguito a terapie per le patologie oncologiche. Se non vengono applicate le giuste procedure di gestione si può andare incontro a delle complicazioni, quali infezioni, riduzione della mobilità, disturbi psicologici e disabilità. Il trattamento di riferimento è la Terapia Complessa Decongestiva (CDT), un intervento che combina diverse tecniche come la cura della pelle, il linfodrenaggio manuale, la compressione con bende e calze elastiche e l’esercizio fisico. La compressione è molto rilevante, poiché ha un ruolo cruciale nel ridurre il gonfiore e migliorare il drenaggio della linfa. Obiettivi. L’obiettivo principale dello studio è stato confrontare l’efficacia di tre diversi tipi di bendaggi compressivi presenti all’interno dell’Ospedale di Asiago: bendaggi abassa elasticità (10%), media elasticità (20%) e alta elasticità (50%). Lo scopo dello studio è stato quindi determinare quale bendaggio generasse la pressione più alta subito dopo l’applicazione (tempo t0), un parametro essenziale per ridurre il volume dell’edema e facilitare il drenaggio linfatico nei pazienti con linfedema. Materiali e metodi. Lo studio è stato condotto presso ilServizio di Riabilitazione Linfologica dell’Ospedale di Asiago e ha coinvolto 4 operatori volontari con segni clinici di linfedema e 2 pazienti ricoverati volontari. Ogni partecipante è stato bendato con tutte e tre le tipologie di bendaggio compressivo in momenti e ordini diversi. La pressione generata dalle bende è stata misurata subito dopo l’applicazione (tempo t0) con il dispositivo PicoPress, che ha permesso la rilevazione della pressione nella parte anteriore e posteriore della gamba. Per garantire risultati affidabili, le applicazioni sono state distanziate temporalmente per permettere al linfedema di tornare a una condizione neutra prima di ogni nuova misurazione. Risultati. I risultati dello studio hanno evidenziato che la benda a media elasticità (20%) ha prodotto la pressione più alta immediatamente dopo l’applicazione, in confronto alle bende a bassa (10%) e alta elasticità (50%). Le pressioni rilevate indicano che questo tipo di benda può garantire una compressione sufficiente per gestire il linfedema, rendendolo uno strumento ideale nella fase iniziale del trattamento. Anche se le bende a bassa e alta elasticità hanno dimostrato efficacia, quella a media elasticità è risultata quella con il bilancio ottimale tra compressione, costo e risultati terapeutici. Conclusioni. Il nostro studio ha evidenziato che la benda a media elasticità (20%) risulta essere la scelta migliore per generare la pressione necessaria per ridurre il gonfiore nei pazienti affetti da linfedema. Essa offre una compressione adeguata, facilitando il drenaggio della linfa e il controllo dell’edema, rappresentando inoltre la soluzione più vantaggiosa in termini di rapporto costo-beneficio rispetto alle bende ad alta elasticità (più costose) e a bassa elasticità (meno efficaci). Nonostante i risultati promettenti, essi devono essere confermati su campioni di pazienti più ampi. Ulteriori studi dovranno esplorare anche la tenuta della pressione a lungo termine, soprattutto durante le attività quotidiane e l’attività fisica, e valutare l’efficacia dell’autobendaggio, ossia la capacità dei pazienti di applicare autonomamente le bende.
ANALISI E CONFRONTO DELLE PRESSIONI SVILUPPATE DA BENDE APPLICATE ALL’ARTO INFERIORE AD ELASTICITA’ BASSA (10%), MEDIA (20%), ALTA (50%) IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA LINFEDEMA RILEVATE CON PICOPRESS
GOLUBAS, VERONICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background. Lymphedema is a chronic condition that develops when the lymphatic system is unable to adequately drain lymph from tissues, leading to persistent swelling, chronic inflammation, and an increase in fibroadipose tissue. This condition can be primary, due to congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system, or secondary, resulting from infections, trauma, or surgery, particularly following cancer therapies. If the correct management procedures are not applied, complications such as infections, reduced mobility, psychological disorders, and disabilities may occur. The standard treatment is Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), an intervention that combines various techniques such as skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, compression with bandages and elastic stockings and physical exercise. Compression is crucial, as it plays an essential role in reducing swelling and improving lymphatic drainage. Objectives. The primary goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of compression bandages available at Asiago Hospital: low-elasticity bandages (10%), medium- elasticity bandages (20%), and high-elasticity bandages (50%). The study aimed to determine which bandage generated the highest pressure immediately after application (time t0), an essential parameter for reducing the volume of edema and facilitating lymphatic drainage in patients with lymphedema. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Lymphology Rehabilitation Service of Asiago Hospital and involved four volunteer staff members with clinical signs of lymphedema and two hospitalized volunteers. Each participant was bandaged with all three types of compression bandages at different times and in varying orders. The pressure generated by the bandages was measured immediately after application (time t0) using the PicoPress device, which allowed for pressure measurement on the front and back of the leg. To ensure reliable results, applications were spaced out in time to allow the lymphedema to return to a neutral condition before each new measurement. Results. The study results showed that the medium-elasticity bandage (20%) produced the highest pressure immediately after application compared to the low-elasticity (10%) and high-elasticity (50%) bandages. The recorded pressures indicate that this type of bandage can provide sufficient compression to manage lymphedema, making it an ideal tool in the initial stage of treatment. While both low- and high-elasticity bandages proved effective, the medium-elasticity bandage offered an optimal balance of compression, cost, and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions. Our study found that the medium-elasticity bandage (20%) is the best choice for generating the pressure needed to reduce swelling in patients with lymphedema. It provides adequate compression, facilitating lymph drainage and controlling edema, while also being the most advantageous in terms of cost-effectiveness compared to high-elasticity (more expensive) and low- elasticity (less effective) bandages. Although the results are promising, they need to be confirmed with larger patient samples. Further studies should also investigate the maintenance of pressure over time, especially during daily activities and physical exercise, and evaluate the effectiveness of self- bandaging patients’ ability to apply bandages independently.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Golubas Veronica Analisi e confronto delle pressioni sviluppate da bende applicate all’arto inferiore ad elasticità bassa (10), media (20), alta (50) in pazienti affetti da linfedema rilevate con picopress.pdf_A.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80544