Introduction and aims: Music therapy is one of the increasingly used complementary therapies both at hospital level and in extra-hospital settings, especially in the world of palliative care and at the end of life, where the main component is music and all its facets. The various studies that deal with this topic report how the melody can cause multiple benefits and positive effects in the management of pain in terminally ill patients. With this study we therefore try to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy in patients in palliative care for the treatment of pain, and the achievement of psycho-physical well-being by improving their quality of life. The role of the palliative care nurse in implementing music therapy is also taken into consideration. Material and methods: The bibliographic search was conducted from June 2024 through the databases: PUBMED, PUBMED MEDLINE. All qualitative and quantitative studies dealing with the topic of music therapy, interventions with this type of therapy on patients in palliative care, the effects of psycho-physical well-being that it induces and the role of the nurse in implementing it, setting the limits of the time criterion as the last 10 years of publication, the English and Italian languages and the pediatric age. Result: In this literature review, 16 articles were selected and included. All the articles taken into consideration revealed positive effects, both in the physical, psychological, spiritual areas but also in the emotional, communicative and social context, ensuring and guaranteeing an increase in the quality of life in terminally ill patients. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that, between the two types of music therapy, the active one is more efficient than the receptive one. Finally, the importance of teamwork and therefore cooperation between nurses and music therapists to obtain a better result was confirmed. Discussion: The end of life affects people in a total way; it is therefore important to take into consideration the various symptoms that can negatively affect both the patient, but also their respective caregivers and healthcare personnel. It is valid and effective to use complementary therapies, such as music therapy, to provide adequate support and accompany in the terminal phase, as the methodology considers and treats the patient in a global manner. Conclusions: The symptoms that the terminal patient presents at the end of life are diverse and range across various areas (physical, psychological, spiritual, existential, emotional, communicative and social). Thanks to the studies examined, music therapy can be considered one of the complementary therapies recognized for trying to relieve pain for the patient, those around them and those accompanying them in this final phase of life. To conclude, even if the literature is limited on this topic, the role of the nurse is fundamental in implementing the therapy whether we are talking about an autonomous or collaborative nurse; this is thanks to the bond that is built in all areas, but especially in the palliative area. Key words: music therapy/trends/methods, pain, palliative care, quality of life, nursing.
Introduzione e obiettivo: La musicoterapia è una delle terapie complementari sempre più utilizzata sia a livello ospedaliero che negli ambiti extra ospedalieri, soprattutto nel mondo delle cure palliative e nel fine vita, dove la componente principale è la musica e tutte le sue sfaccettature. I vari studi che trattano questo argomento, riportano come la melodia possa causare molteplici benefici ed effetti positivi nella gestione del dolore nel paziente terminale. Con questo studio quindi si cerca di approfondire l’efficacia della musicoterapia nei pazienti in cure palliative per il trattamento del dolore, e il raggiungimento del benessere psico-fisico migliorandone la qualità della vita. Viene inoltre preso in considerazione il ruolo dell’infermiere di cure palliative nell’attuazione della musicoterapia. Materiali e metodi: La ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta da Giugno 2024 attraverso le banche dati: PUBMED, PUBMED MEDLINE. Sono stati inclusi tutti gli studi sia qualitativi che quantitativi che trattano l’argomento musicoterapia, gli interventi con questa tipologia di terapia su pazienti in cure palliative, gli effetti di benessere psico-fisico che induce e il ruolo dell’infermiere nella messa in atto di essa, ponendo come limiti il criterio temporale gli ultimi 10 anni di pubblicazione, la lingua inglese ed italiana e l’età pediatrica. Risultati: In tale revisione di letteratura sono stati selezionati ed inclusi 16 articoli. Tutti gli articoli presi in considerazione hanno rilevato effetti positivi, sia negli ambiti fisico, psicologico, spirituale ma anche nel contesto emotivo, comunicativo e sociale assicurando e garantendo un incremento della qualità di vita nei pazienti terminali. Inoltre è stato dimostrato che, tra le due tipologie di musicoterapia, quella attiva è più efficiente rispetto a quella recettiva. Infine è stato confermato l’importanza del lavoro d’equipe e quindi la cooperazione tra infermieri e musicoterapisti per ottenere un risultato migliore. Discussione: Il fine vita influisce nelle persone in maniera totale; è quindi importante prendere in considerazione i vari sintomi che possono influire negativamente sia nel paziente, ma anche nei rispettivi caregiver e sul personale sanitario. E’ valido ed efficace utilizzare le terapie complementari, come la musicoterapia, per poter fornire un adeguato supporto ed accompagnare nella fase terminale, in quanto come metodologia, considera e tratta il paziente in maniera globale. Conclusioni: I sintomi che presenta il paziente terminale nel fine vita sono diversi e spaziano nei vari ambiti ( fisici, psicologici, spirituali, esistenziali, emotivi , comunicativi e sociali). Grazie agli studi esaminati, la musicoterapia può essere considerata una delle terapie complementari riconosciute per cercare di alleviare il dolore al paziente, a chi le sta attorno e a chi lo accompagna in questa fase finale della vita. Per concludere, anche se la letteratura è limitata in questo argomento, il ruolo dell’infermiere è fondamentale nella messa in atto della terapia sia che si parli di infermiere autonomo o collaborante; questo grazie al legame che si costruisce in tutti gli ambiti, ma soprattutto nell’ambito palliativo. Parole chiave: music therapy/trends/methods, pain, palliative care, quality of life, nursing.
Musicoterapia come terapia complementare per la gestione del dolore in pazienti in cure palliative: una revisione di letteratura
CARLESSO, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction and aims: Music therapy is one of the increasingly used complementary therapies both at hospital level and in extra-hospital settings, especially in the world of palliative care and at the end of life, where the main component is music and all its facets. The various studies that deal with this topic report how the melody can cause multiple benefits and positive effects in the management of pain in terminally ill patients. With this study we therefore try to investigate the effectiveness of music therapy in patients in palliative care for the treatment of pain, and the achievement of psycho-physical well-being by improving their quality of life. The role of the palliative care nurse in implementing music therapy is also taken into consideration. Material and methods: The bibliographic search was conducted from June 2024 through the databases: PUBMED, PUBMED MEDLINE. All qualitative and quantitative studies dealing with the topic of music therapy, interventions with this type of therapy on patients in palliative care, the effects of psycho-physical well-being that it induces and the role of the nurse in implementing it, setting the limits of the time criterion as the last 10 years of publication, the English and Italian languages and the pediatric age. Result: In this literature review, 16 articles were selected and included. All the articles taken into consideration revealed positive effects, both in the physical, psychological, spiritual areas but also in the emotional, communicative and social context, ensuring and guaranteeing an increase in the quality of life in terminally ill patients. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that, between the two types of music therapy, the active one is more efficient than the receptive one. Finally, the importance of teamwork and therefore cooperation between nurses and music therapists to obtain a better result was confirmed. Discussion: The end of life affects people in a total way; it is therefore important to take into consideration the various symptoms that can negatively affect both the patient, but also their respective caregivers and healthcare personnel. It is valid and effective to use complementary therapies, such as music therapy, to provide adequate support and accompany in the terminal phase, as the methodology considers and treats the patient in a global manner. Conclusions: The symptoms that the terminal patient presents at the end of life are diverse and range across various areas (physical, psychological, spiritual, existential, emotional, communicative and social). Thanks to the studies examined, music therapy can be considered one of the complementary therapies recognized for trying to relieve pain for the patient, those around them and those accompanying them in this final phase of life. To conclude, even if the literature is limited on this topic, the role of the nurse is fundamental in implementing the therapy whether we are talking about an autonomous or collaborative nurse; this is thanks to the bond that is built in all areas, but especially in the palliative area. Key words: music therapy/trends/methods, pain, palliative care, quality of life, nursing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80701