Abstract Introduction: Stroke represents one of the most significant socio-health and economic issues. In 2023, it was estimated that Italy had a prevalence of approximately 101 million cases, with an incidence of over 12 million. On average, about half of stroke patients die, while the survivors often experience permanent disabilities due to underlying pathophysiological processes. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovery, stimulating neuroplasticity and improving functional abilities and autonomy. Standard rehabilitation can be enhanced by introducing the concept of an "enriched environment" into the hospital setting, which has shown potential benefits for brain rehabilitation. However, this strategy remains largely theoretical. This study aims to explore the concept of the enriched environment, its potential benefits, and its practical implementation. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the existing literature, summarize available evidence, and identify knowledge gaps. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cinahl (EBSCO) databases. Articles were processed by removing duplicates, applying inclusion criteria, and including only full-text versions. Results: Nine articles were included in the final analysis. Although the studies differ in various aspects, such as methods, study designs, and data measurement tools, they all unanimously report the beneficial effects of the enriched environment on patients' psychosocial well-being. Most studies also indicated improvements in physical and cognitive activities. Discussion and Conclusions: Several gaps were identified during the analysis of the research, including the limited number of clinical studies in the field, the varied interpretation and application of the enriched environment concept, and the use of data collection tools that could potentially be subject to subjective interpretation. These factors represent significant limitations in the comparability and generalizability of the findings. Therefore, further studies are needed to address these gaps and generate more robust evidence. Keywords: stroke, enriched environment, rehabilitation, neuroplasticity, nurs*.
Abstract Introduzione: L’ictus rappresenta uno dei più importanti problemi socio-sanitari ed economici. Nel 2023, in Italia, sono stati stimati una prevalenza di 101 milioni di casi, con un'incidenza di oltre 12 milioni. Mediamente nella metà dei casi sopraggiunge la morte; per i sopravvissuti, i processi fisiopatologici possono portare alla formazione di disabilità. La riabilitazione gioca un ruolo cruciale: stimolando la neuroplasticità, contribuisce a ridurre la disabilità residua, migliorando le capacità funzionali e l’autonomia dei pazienti. Secondo evidenze scientifiche la riabilitazione standard può essere implementata introducendo nel setting ospedaliero, il concetto di “ambiente arricchito”. Nonostante già dai primi studi siano evidenti i benefici a livello cerebrale, tale strategia rimane confinata principalmente alla teoria. Questa ricerca mira ad approfondire tale concetto, come esso può essere concepito e applicato, i suoi effetti benefici e la sua effettiva realizzazione pratica. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una scoping review, al fine di mappare sistematicamente la letteratura presente, fornire un riepilogo delle prove disponibili e aiutare a identificare eventuali lacune di conoscenza. La ricerca bibliografica è stata eseguita sulle banche dati pubMed (MEDLINE) e Cinahl (EBSCO). Gli articoli sono stati processati, eliminando i duplicati, applicando i criteri di inclusione e ammettendo solo le versioni full-text. Risultati: Nell’analisi finale sono stati inclusi nove articoli. Gli studi, nonostante si differenziano su molti aspetti tra cui il metodo, il disegno di studi, gli strumenti di misurazione dei dati utilizzati e come è stato inteso e applicato il concetto di ambiente arricchito, hanno affermato in modo univoco l’effetto benefico sul benessere psicosociale dopo l’esposizione all’ambiente arricchito. La maggior parte ha dichiarato anche un implemento nelle attività fisiche e cognitive. Discussioni e conclusioni: Durante l’analisi delle ricerche sono state individuate varie lacune: l’esigua quantità di articoli in ambito clinico presenti in letteratura, il differente modo di intendere e applicare il concetto di arricchimento ambientale, l’utilizzo di strumenti di raccolta dati che potrebbero essere potenzialmente soggetti alla libera interpretazione di chi le somministra. Questi aspetti rappresentano un limite significativo nella comparabilità e generalizzabilità delle evidenze raccolte. Per tal motivo risulta necessario implementare gli studi. Parole chiave: stroke, enriched enviroment, rehabilitation, neuroplasticity, nurs*.
L'integrazione dell'ambiente arricchito nel setting ospedaliero per la riabilitazione dei pazienti con esiti di stroke: una scoping review
DAINESE, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Stroke represents one of the most significant socio-health and economic issues. In 2023, it was estimated that Italy had a prevalence of approximately 101 million cases, with an incidence of over 12 million. On average, about half of stroke patients die, while the survivors often experience permanent disabilities due to underlying pathophysiological processes. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovery, stimulating neuroplasticity and improving functional abilities and autonomy. Standard rehabilitation can be enhanced by introducing the concept of an "enriched environment" into the hospital setting, which has shown potential benefits for brain rehabilitation. However, this strategy remains largely theoretical. This study aims to explore the concept of the enriched environment, its potential benefits, and its practical implementation. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the existing literature, summarize available evidence, and identify knowledge gaps. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Cinahl (EBSCO) databases. Articles were processed by removing duplicates, applying inclusion criteria, and including only full-text versions. Results: Nine articles were included in the final analysis. Although the studies differ in various aspects, such as methods, study designs, and data measurement tools, they all unanimously report the beneficial effects of the enriched environment on patients' psychosocial well-being. Most studies also indicated improvements in physical and cognitive activities. Discussion and Conclusions: Several gaps were identified during the analysis of the research, including the limited number of clinical studies in the field, the varied interpretation and application of the enriched environment concept, and the use of data collection tools that could potentially be subject to subjective interpretation. These factors represent significant limitations in the comparability and generalizability of the findings. Therefore, further studies are needed to address these gaps and generate more robust evidence. Keywords: stroke, enriched environment, rehabilitation, neuroplasticity, nurs*.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80714