Introduction: Diabetic foot represents one of the most severe and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus. Managing diabetic foot is complex due to numerous physical manifestations, including ulcers, infections, and chronic pain, which can limit daily activities, reduce mobility, and negatively impact psychological and social well-being, thus affecting the quality of life. Objective: This study aims to understand how care interventions can positively influence clinical outcomes and quality of life, contributing to better diabetic foot management and a reduction in associated complications. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the most effective nursing interventions for the prevention and management of diabetic foot complications, with a particular focus on the impact of these interventions on the patient's quality of life. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted between June and August 2024, using the Medline database via the PubMed search engine through the Aire-Go portal of the University of Padua. Sixty articles were identified. After a careful review of the abstracts, twelve studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Articles unrelated to the topic, not written in Italian or English, focused on pediatric populations, or from countries with limited economic resources were excluded. Results: The analyzed literature indicates that quality of life can be improved and maintained through a holistic approach to the person and family, as well as through education in the self-management of chronic conditions via glycemic control and the prevention and management of ulcerative lesions. Quality of life can be maintained or improved by interventions across three main areas: physical well-being, addressing pain management and the activation of residual resources in relation to functional limitations; psychological well-being, including hypnosis sessions and muscle relaxation techniques to support episodes of anxiety and depression related to the disease; and social and family support, essential for adherence to therapies and reducing isolation. Conclusions: Care must include the integration of multidisciplinary interventions targeting not only the patient but also their family. These interventions are not solely aimed at reducing the risks of severe complications and managing pain but also at maintaining the individual’s quality of life. Interventions aimed at glycemic control, ulcer management, and psychological support synergistically contribute to improving both clinical outcomes and the psychological and social well-being of patients, highlighting the crucial role of nurses as educators and facilitators in the care process.
Introduzione: Il piede diabetico rappresenta una delle complicanze più gravi e debilitanti del diabete mellito. La gestione del piede diabetico è complessa a causa delle numerose manifestazioni fisiche, tra cui ulcere, infezioni e dolore cronico, che possono limitare le attività quotidiane, ridurre la mobilità e influenzare negativamente il benessere psicologico e sociale, impattando sulla qualità di vita. Obiettivo: Lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di comprendere come gli interventi assistenziali possano influenzare positivamente gli esiti clinici e la qualità di vita, contribuendo a una migliore gestione del piede diabetico e a una riduzione delle complicanze associate. Inoltre, si vogliono analizzare gli interventi infermieristici più efficaci per la prevenzione e la gestione delle complicanze del piede diabetico, con un focus particolare sull'impatto di questi interventi sulla qualità di vita del paziente. Materiali e metodi: La revisione della letteratura è stata condotta tra giugno e agosto 2024, utilizzando la banca dati Medline tramite il motore di ricerca PubMed attraverso il portale Aire-Go dell’Università di Padova. Sono stati individuati 60 articoli. Dopo un'attenta lettura degli abstracts, sono stati selezionati 12 studi che rispettavano i criteri di inclusione. Sono stati esclusi gli articoli non inerenti al tema, non redatti in italiano o inglese, quelli che si focalizzavano sulla popolazione pediatrica e studi provenienti da Paesi con risorse economiche limitate. Risultati: Dalla letteratura analizzata è emerso che la qualità di vita può essere migliorata e mantenuta grazie ad un approccio olistico della persona e della famiglia e all’educazione all’autogestione della patologia cronica attraverso il controllo glicemico e la prevenzione e gestione delle lesioni ulcerative. La qualità di vita può essere mantenuta o migliorata grazie agli interventi rispetto a tre macroaree: il benessere fisico, rispetto alla gestione del dolore e all'attivazione delle risorse residue rispetto alle limitazioni funzionali, il benessere psicologico, come ad esempio le sessioni di ipnosi e di rilassamento muscolare a supporto per gli episodi di ansia e depressione legate alla malattia, il supporto sociale e familiare, fondamentale per l’aderenza alle terapie e la riduzione dell’isolamento. Conclusioni: la presa in cura deve prevedere l'integrazione di interventi multidisciplinari rivolti non solo al paziente ma anche alla sua famiglia. Gli interventi non sono finalizzati solo alla riduzione dei rischi di complicanze gravi e alla gestione il dolore ma al mantenimento della qualità di vita della persona. Gli interventi mirati al controllo glicemico, alla gestione delle ulcere e al supporto psicologico contribuiscono in modo sinergico a migliorare tanto gli esiti clinici quanto il benessere psicologico e sociale dei pazienti, evidenziando il ruolo cruciale dell'infermiere come educatore e facilitatore del processo di cura.
La presa in cura infermieristica della persona con piede diabetico: una revisione della letteratura
BRAIEK, NAJMEDDINE
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic foot represents one of the most severe and debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus. Managing diabetic foot is complex due to numerous physical manifestations, including ulcers, infections, and chronic pain, which can limit daily activities, reduce mobility, and negatively impact psychological and social well-being, thus affecting the quality of life. Objective: This study aims to understand how care interventions can positively influence clinical outcomes and quality of life, contributing to better diabetic foot management and a reduction in associated complications. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the most effective nursing interventions for the prevention and management of diabetic foot complications, with a particular focus on the impact of these interventions on the patient's quality of life. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted between June and August 2024, using the Medline database via the PubMed search engine through the Aire-Go portal of the University of Padua. Sixty articles were identified. After a careful review of the abstracts, twelve studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Articles unrelated to the topic, not written in Italian or English, focused on pediatric populations, or from countries with limited economic resources were excluded. Results: The analyzed literature indicates that quality of life can be improved and maintained through a holistic approach to the person and family, as well as through education in the self-management of chronic conditions via glycemic control and the prevention and management of ulcerative lesions. Quality of life can be maintained or improved by interventions across three main areas: physical well-being, addressing pain management and the activation of residual resources in relation to functional limitations; psychological well-being, including hypnosis sessions and muscle relaxation techniques to support episodes of anxiety and depression related to the disease; and social and family support, essential for adherence to therapies and reducing isolation. Conclusions: Care must include the integration of multidisciplinary interventions targeting not only the patient but also their family. These interventions are not solely aimed at reducing the risks of severe complications and managing pain but also at maintaining the individual’s quality of life. Interventions aimed at glycemic control, ulcer management, and psychological support synergistically contribute to improving both clinical outcomes and the psychological and social well-being of patients, highlighting the crucial role of nurses as educators and facilitators in the care process.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80818