Pain, considered as the sixth vital parameter, is a personal experience that can play an adaptive role about the health status of the patient, or it can have negative repercussions in his life, even in the long term. We still know little about the topic in the pediatric field; in fact it was first analyzed and recognized only 37 years ago. Nevertheless, it is unquestionable that it should be duly treated, and that it is the nurse's responsibility to do so, as a healthcare professional. In order to provide the best care based on best practices, the treatment of pain, as outlined by WHO, should involve the use of etiologic, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic techniques (NPT). The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what are the best NPTs for the child who enters the emergency department with a lacerated wound and evaluate whether these techniques are really effective for pain reduction in the pediatric setting. In order to do so, a literature review was conducted by consulting 2 databases by searching relevant keywords. The titles, abstracts, and full texts were analyzed according to the inclusion's criteria, which guided the development of the thesis as shown in the PRISMA. The data and results were reported in a table (attachment 1 and 2) and summarized in chapter 3. Of the 90 articles found, 33 were included in this thesis. Anal TNFs Of the 90 articles found, 33 were included in this thesis. The NPTs analyzed were divided into 8 macro-areas of relevance (virtual reality, tablet, games, robot, Buzzy, sucrose, setting, and clown) to assess which were the most effective. The eighty-seven percent of the studies revealed that the NPT used was functional in reducing pediatric pain, anxiety and/or stress. NPTs were then studied according to their functionality in order to evaluate which ones are the most effective. As a result of this literature review, child's distraction non-pharmacological techniques have been shown to be effective in reducing pain, anxiety and stress in the hospital setting. The NPTs, if properly chosen, can contribute to the proper management of pediatric pain, but they are not to be intended as substitutes for pharmacological therapy.
Il dolore, considerato come il sesto parametro vitale, è un'esperienza personale che può avere un ruolo adattivo circa lo stato di salute dell'assistito oppure può avere ripercussioni negative nella sua vita, anche a lungo termine. In ambito pediatrico sappiamo ancora poco sull'argomento; si basti pensare che è stato analizzato e riconosciuto per la prima volta solo 37 anni fa. Nonostante ciò, è indiscutibile il fatto che esso vada debitamente trattato, e che sia responsabilità dell'infermiere farlo, in quanto professionista sanitario. Al fine di fornire l'assistenza migliore basata su best practices, il trattamento del dolore, come indicato dall'OMS, dovrebbe prevedere l'uso di tecniche eziologiche, farmacologiche e non farmacologiche (TNF). L'obiettivo di questa tesi è indagare quali sono le migliori TNF per il bambino che accede in pronto soccorso con ferita lacero-contusa e valutare se queste tecniche sono realmente efficaci per la riduzione del dolore in ambito pediatrico. Per fare ciò, si è svolta una revisione della letteratura attraverso la consultazione di 2 banche dati tramite la ricerca di parole chiave pertinenti. I titoli, gli abstract ed i testi completi sono stati analizzati secondo i criteri di inclusione, che hanno guidato la stesura della tesi secondo il PRISMA. I dati ed i risultati sono stati riportati in una tabella (allegati 1 e 2) e presentati in modo riassuntivo nel capitolo 3. Dei 90 articoli trovati, 33 sono stati inclusi in questa tesi. Le TNF analizzate sono state suddivise in 8 macroaree di pertinenza (realtà virtuale, tablet, giochi, robot, Buzzy, saccarosio, setting e clown) per valutare quali fossero le più efficaci in base alla tipologia. L'87% degli studi ha rivelato che la TNF utilizzata è stata funzionale nella riduzione del dolore pediatrico, dell'ansia e/o dello stress. Le TNF sono state poi studiate in base alla loro funzionalità a seconda della fascia d'età del bambino in cui sono state applicate, per poi valutare quali sono le più efficaci e quali meno. A seguito di quanto emerso da questa revisione di letteratura, le tecniche non farmacologiche per la distrazione del bambino si sono rivelate efficaci per la riduzione del dolore, dell'ansia e dello stress in regime ospedaliero. Queste, se debitamente scelte in base alle evidenze emerse, possono contribuire alla corretta gestione del dolore pediatrico, ma non sono da intendersi come sostitutive della terapia farmacologica.
Tecniche di distrazione non farmacologiche nel bambino che accede in pronto soccorso per la sutura di ferite lacero-contuse
GRILLETTI, CAMILLA
2023/2024
Abstract
Pain, considered as the sixth vital parameter, is a personal experience that can play an adaptive role about the health status of the patient, or it can have negative repercussions in his life, even in the long term. We still know little about the topic in the pediatric field; in fact it was first analyzed and recognized only 37 years ago. Nevertheless, it is unquestionable that it should be duly treated, and that it is the nurse's responsibility to do so, as a healthcare professional. In order to provide the best care based on best practices, the treatment of pain, as outlined by WHO, should involve the use of etiologic, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic techniques (NPT). The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what are the best NPTs for the child who enters the emergency department with a lacerated wound and evaluate whether these techniques are really effective for pain reduction in the pediatric setting. In order to do so, a literature review was conducted by consulting 2 databases by searching relevant keywords. The titles, abstracts, and full texts were analyzed according to the inclusion's criteria, which guided the development of the thesis as shown in the PRISMA. The data and results were reported in a table (attachment 1 and 2) and summarized in chapter 3. Of the 90 articles found, 33 were included in this thesis. Anal TNFs Of the 90 articles found, 33 were included in this thesis. The NPTs analyzed were divided into 8 macro-areas of relevance (virtual reality, tablet, games, robot, Buzzy, sucrose, setting, and clown) to assess which were the most effective. The eighty-seven percent of the studies revealed that the NPT used was functional in reducing pediatric pain, anxiety and/or stress. NPTs were then studied according to their functionality in order to evaluate which ones are the most effective. As a result of this literature review, child's distraction non-pharmacological techniques have been shown to be effective in reducing pain, anxiety and stress in the hospital setting. The NPTs, if properly chosen, can contribute to the proper management of pediatric pain, but they are not to be intended as substitutes for pharmacological therapy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80822