INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the main challenges in the healthcare field: they increase hospital stays, mortality, antibiotic resistance, and impose a significant economic and clinical burden on the healthcare system. In Europe, HAIs are responsible for millions of additional hospital days and thousands of deaths annually. The prevalence of HAIs in hospitals in Italy is 8.03%, compared to the European average of 8.95%. It is estimated that around 50% of HAIs could be prevented, but their management requires an integrated approach and continuous analysis of risk factors. Considering the extent and complexity of the issue, it is necessary to examine the situation within individual healthcare facilities: this study focuses on the S. Chiara Hospital in Trento, a hub hospital in the provincial hospital network, analyzing hand hygiene as one of the most effective practices for preventing HAIs, identifying its impact on HAI prevention and the factors influencing healthcare workers’ adherence to proper hand hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of HAIs during the 2022-2023 period in relation to adherence to hand hygiene and its associated risk factors. The data comes from a survey conducted within the S. Chiara hospital and from the HAI prevalence survey at the European level. A total of 47 departments, including 28 inpatient units, were involved, and data on HAI prevalence was also collected. Data on hand hygiene adherence were gathered by observer healthcare workers, focusing on the “wash-in” and “wash-out” moments. RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2024, 70,609 observations were recorded, with an average adherence of 78%. Analysis of non-adherence observations revealed that 63% occurred before contact “wash-in”. The most common reason for non-adherence was improper glove use, except for the nursing profession, where it was found to be “frequent before and after contact.” The preferred method of hygiene was the use of alcohol-based hand gel, with very low use of soap and water in certain departments. The presence of jewelry was also investigated, and no department achieved the target of no jewelry/long or artificial nails, with presence ranging from 3% to 61% across departments. Where jewelry was present, the non-adherence rate was 25%. A Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship. The results of hand hygiene adherence were then compared with HAI prevalence data. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation, but a descriptive analysis indicated departments with higher HAI prevalence having lower hand hygiene adherence. Further analysis is needed to validate these associations. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The analysis revealed a significant relationship between non-adherence to hand hygiene and the presence of jewelry, but a weak correlation between hand hygiene adherence and HAIs. Although hand hygiene is a fundamental practice in HAI prevention, other factors such as organizational structure, patient type, and staff training affect its overall effectiveness. The thesis suggests the importance of targeted interventions on identified critical areas, such as improper glove use and high non-adherence during the “wash-in” moment. To address these issues, the role of the Health Assistant could be integrated into the healthcare team to enhance awareness and training. Additionally, a multidisciplinary approach and a safety culture oriented towards a "No Blame - Just Culture" could improve HAI prevention and ensure safer patient care.
Le infezioni correlate all’assistenza (ICA) rappresentano una delle principali sfide in ambito sanitario: aumentano la durata della degenza ospedaliera, la mortalità, la resistenza agli antibiotici e comportano un notevole onere economico e clinico per il sistema sanitario. In Europa, le ICA sono responsabili di milioni di giornate di degenza aggiuntive e di migliaia di decessi ogni anno. La prevalenza di ICA in ospedale risulta pari al 8,03% in Italia, rispetto al dato europeo del 8,95%. Si stima che circa il 50% delle ICA possano essere prevenute, ma la loro gestione richiede un approccio integrato e una continua analisi dei fattori di rischio. Considerando l’ampiezza e la complessità del tema, è necessario esaminare la situazione all’interno delle singole strutture sanitarie: questo studio si concentra sull'ospedale S. Chiara di Trento, ospedale Hub nella rete ospedaliera provinciale, analizzando l’igiene delle mani: una delle pratiche più efficaci per prevenirle, identificando il suo impatto sulla prevenzione delle ICA e i fattori che influenzano il comportamento degli operatori sanitari alla sua corretta esecuzione. L’obiettivo dello studio sarà quello di analizzare la prevalenza delle ICA, durante il biennio 2022-2023, in relazione con l’aderenza all’igiene delle mani e i suoi fattori di rischio. I dati provengono da un sondaggio sull’argomento all’interno dell’ospedale S.Chiara e da rilevazione della prevalenza delle ICA a livello europeo. Sono stati coinvolti 47 reparti di 28 di degenza abbiamo i dati anche della prevalenza delle ICA. I dati relativi all’aderenza all’igiene delle mani sono stati raccolti dagli operatori osservatori concentrandosi su i momenti di wash in e wash out. Nel periodo 2020-2024 sono state raccolte 70.609 osservazioni: la media di aderenza è del 78%. Analizzando le osservazioni di non aderenza è emerso che il 63% sono state registrate prima del contatto “wash in”. Il motivo più frequente di non aderenza è l’utilizzo improprio dei guanti, tranne per la categoria professionale degli infermieri dove risulta essere “frequentemente prima e dopo”. La modalità di igiene preferita è quella di utilizzo del gel idroalcolico, in alcune UO l’utilizzo di acqua e sapone è molto basso. Indagando anche la presenza di monili risulta che nessuna U.O raggiunge il target di assenza di monili/unghie lunghe o artificiali, con un range dal 3% al 61% di presenza tra tutte le UO. Dove è stata registrata la presenza di monili la percentuale di non aderenza risulta del 25%, dal test statistico Chi quadro è risultata essere una relazione significativa. I risultati della valutazione dell’aderenza all’igiene delle mani sono stati poi confrontati con i dati di prevalenza ICA. L’analisi statistica non ha mostrato una relazione significativa, ma un’analisi descrittiva mostra delle U.O con picchi di prevalenza ICA con alta non aderenza all’igiene delle mani. Ulteriori analisi sono necessarie per indagare validare queste associazioni. L'analisi ha rivelato una relazione significativa tra la non aderenza all'igiene delle mani e la presenza di monili, ma una correlazione debole essa e le ICA. Sebbene l'igiene delle mani sia una pratica fondamentale nella prevenzione delle infezioni, altri fattori come la struttura organizzativa, il tipo di paziente e la formazione del personale, ne influenzano l'efficacia complessiva. La tesi suggerisce l'importanza di interventi mirati verso gli aspetti critici identificati, come l’utilizzo improrio di guanti e la non aderenza alta nel momento del “wash in”. Per intervenire su questi aspetti che può essere integrato nell’equipe l'Assistente Sanitario, per migliorare la sensibilizzazione e la formazione. Inoltre, un approccio multidisciplinare e una cultura della sicurezza orientata verso la "No Blame - Just Culture" possono migliorare la prevenzione delle ICA e garantire un'assistenza più sicura.
Indagine sull’andamento epidemiologico delle infezioni correlate all’assistenza in relazione all’aderenza all’igiene delle mani presso l’ospedale S. Chiara di Trento - (APSS)
ABBAGNALE, ARIANNA
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent one of the main challenges in the healthcare field: they increase hospital stays, mortality, antibiotic resistance, and impose a significant economic and clinical burden on the healthcare system. In Europe, HAIs are responsible for millions of additional hospital days and thousands of deaths annually. The prevalence of HAIs in hospitals in Italy is 8.03%, compared to the European average of 8.95%. It is estimated that around 50% of HAIs could be prevented, but their management requires an integrated approach and continuous analysis of risk factors. Considering the extent and complexity of the issue, it is necessary to examine the situation within individual healthcare facilities: this study focuses on the S. Chiara Hospital in Trento, a hub hospital in the provincial hospital network, analyzing hand hygiene as one of the most effective practices for preventing HAIs, identifying its impact on HAI prevention and the factors influencing healthcare workers’ adherence to proper hand hygiene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of HAIs during the 2022-2023 period in relation to adherence to hand hygiene and its associated risk factors. The data comes from a survey conducted within the S. Chiara hospital and from the HAI prevalence survey at the European level. A total of 47 departments, including 28 inpatient units, were involved, and data on HAI prevalence was also collected. Data on hand hygiene adherence were gathered by observer healthcare workers, focusing on the “wash-in” and “wash-out” moments. RESULTS: Between 2020 and 2024, 70,609 observations were recorded, with an average adherence of 78%. Analysis of non-adherence observations revealed that 63% occurred before contact “wash-in”. The most common reason for non-adherence was improper glove use, except for the nursing profession, where it was found to be “frequent before and after contact.” The preferred method of hygiene was the use of alcohol-based hand gel, with very low use of soap and water in certain departments. The presence of jewelry was also investigated, and no department achieved the target of no jewelry/long or artificial nails, with presence ranging from 3% to 61% across departments. Where jewelry was present, the non-adherence rate was 25%. A Chi-square test revealed a significant relationship. The results of hand hygiene adherence were then compared with HAI prevalence data. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation, but a descriptive analysis indicated departments with higher HAI prevalence having lower hand hygiene adherence. Further analysis is needed to validate these associations. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The analysis revealed a significant relationship between non-adherence to hand hygiene and the presence of jewelry, but a weak correlation between hand hygiene adherence and HAIs. Although hand hygiene is a fundamental practice in HAI prevention, other factors such as organizational structure, patient type, and staff training affect its overall effectiveness. The thesis suggests the importance of targeted interventions on identified critical areas, such as improper glove use and high non-adherence during the “wash-in” moment. To address these issues, the role of the Health Assistant could be integrated into the healthcare team to enhance awareness and training. Additionally, a multidisciplinary approach and a safety culture oriented towards a "No Blame - Just Culture" could improve HAI prevention and ensure safer patient care.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
ABBAGNALE_ARIANNA_TESI COMPLETA.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.98 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.98 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80909