Surfactants, predominantly in the form of polysorbates (PS), play a pivotal role as excipients in the biopharmaceutical sector. Their primary function is to uphold the stability and efficacy of bioactive agents. Consequently, with the leading aim of steering the development of Drug Products (DP) and ensuring desired quality standards, routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of PS is essential throughout the entire biologics development and production process. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges faced in the routinely execution of the abovementioned methods is the interference caused by proteins, which are present in the samples in the guise of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Despite numerous protein removal methods used in sample preparation for HPLC-based surfactants analyses, there is a limited assessment of their effectiveness and no standardized approach. By conducting a thorough screening of different protein removal methods, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of the robustness of HPLC excipients analysis for DP projects currently under development. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and protein precipitation induced by organic solvents (also used in combination with salt buffers and chelating agents) were selected as key protein removal methods and thoroughly tested on a set of Novartis development biopharmaceutical projects. In turn, the different sample preparation setups for surfactants analyses have been tested via a mixed-mode and reversed-phase chromatography used in combination with a charged aerosol detector. Simultaneously, to keep track of protein removal over the sample preparation, protein concentration has been quantified by UV-spectrophotometric measurements. The efficiency of SPE in protein/PS separation was strongly influenced by the specific project under investigation, yielding valuable insights into the behavior of proteins. This knowledge served as a foundation for future optimization strategies catered to individual proteins. Within the process of screening organic solvents for inducing protein precipitation, a combination of acetonitrile, isopropanol, and phosphate buffer proved to be exceptionally effective in one DP project while being equally compatible with PS profiling analyses. On the other hand, the use of ethanol in conjunction with EDTA resulted in optimal recovery values across all projects, although further investigation is needed to explore improvements in terms of specificity and compatibility with PS profiling analyses. The generated dataset succeeded in providing greater clarity on the essential factors for ensuring effective protein removal and bridging the gap to enhance the robustness of HPLC-based excipient analytics in the perspective of a standardized sample preparation.
I tensioattivi, prevalentemente sotto forma di polisorbati (PS), svolgono un ruolo fondamentale come eccipienti nel settore biofarmaceutico. La loro funzione primaria è quella di mantenere la stabilità e l'efficacia degli agenti bioattivi. Di conseguenza, con l'obiettivo principale di guidare lo sviluppo dei Prodotti Farmaceutici (DP) e garantire gli standard qualitativi desiderati, l'analisi qualitativa e quantitativa di routine dei PS è essenziale durante tutto il processo di sviluppo e produzione dei biologici. Tuttavia, una delle principali sfide affrontate nell'esecuzione di routine dei suddetti metodi è l'interferenza causata dalle proteine, presenti nei campioni come principi attivi farmaceutici. Nonostante i numerosi metodi di rimozione delle proteine utilizzati nella preparazione dei campioni per le analisi dei tensioattivi basate su HPLC, la loro efficacia è stata valutata in modo limitato e non esiste un approccio standardizzato. Attraverso uno screening approfondito di diversi metodi di rimozione delle proteine, questo studio mira a contribuire al miglioramento della robustezza delle analisi degli eccipienti con HPLC per i progetti DP attualmente in fase di sviluppo. L'estrazione in fase solida (SPE) e la precipitazione delle proteine indotta da solventi organici (utilizzata anche in combinazione con tamponi salini e agenti chelanti) sono stati selezionati come metodi chiave per la rimozione delle proteine e testati approfonditamente su una serie di progetti biofarmaceutici in fase di sviluppo presso Novartis. A sua volta, le diverse configurazioni di preparazione dei campioni per l'analisi dei tensioattivi sono state testate attraverso una cromatografia a modalità mista e a fase inversa utilizzata in combinazione con un rilevatore aerosol carico. Contemporaneamente, per monitorare la rimozione delle proteine durante la preparazione del campione, la concentrazione proteica è stata quantificata tramite misurazioni spettrofotometriche UV. L'efficacia della SPE nella separazione tra proteine e PS è stata fortemente influenzata dal progetto specifico in esame, fornendo preziose informazioni sul comportamento delle proteine. Questa conoscenza è servita come base per strategie di ottimizzazione future mirate a proteine individuali. Durante il processo di screening dei solventi organici per indurre la precipitazione proteica, una combinazione di acetonitrile, isopropanolo e tampone fosfato si è rivelata eccezionalmente efficace in un progetto DP, risultando al contempo compatibile con le analisi di profilazione dei PS. D'altra parte, l'uso di etanolo in combinazione con EDTA ha prodotto valori di recupero ottimali in tutti i progetti, sebbene siano necessarie ulteriori indagini per esplorare miglioramenti in termini di specificità e compatibilità con le analisi di profilazione dei PS. Il set di dati generato è riuscito a fornire maggiore chiarezza sui fattori essenziali per garantire una rimozione efficace delle proteine e colmare il divario per migliorare la robustezza delle analisi degli eccipienti basate su HPLC in una prospettiva di preparazione standardizzata dei campioni.
Screening of different protein removal methods to improve robustness of HPLC-based excipents methods
ROMA, ROBERTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Surfactants, predominantly in the form of polysorbates (PS), play a pivotal role as excipients in the biopharmaceutical sector. Their primary function is to uphold the stability and efficacy of bioactive agents. Consequently, with the leading aim of steering the development of Drug Products (DP) and ensuring desired quality standards, routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of PS is essential throughout the entire biologics development and production process. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges faced in the routinely execution of the abovementioned methods is the interference caused by proteins, which are present in the samples in the guise of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Despite numerous protein removal methods used in sample preparation for HPLC-based surfactants analyses, there is a limited assessment of their effectiveness and no standardized approach. By conducting a thorough screening of different protein removal methods, this study aims to contribute to the improvement of the robustness of HPLC excipients analysis for DP projects currently under development. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and protein precipitation induced by organic solvents (also used in combination with salt buffers and chelating agents) were selected as key protein removal methods and thoroughly tested on a set of Novartis development biopharmaceutical projects. In turn, the different sample preparation setups for surfactants analyses have been tested via a mixed-mode and reversed-phase chromatography used in combination with a charged aerosol detector. Simultaneously, to keep track of protein removal over the sample preparation, protein concentration has been quantified by UV-spectrophotometric measurements. The efficiency of SPE in protein/PS separation was strongly influenced by the specific project under investigation, yielding valuable insights into the behavior of proteins. This knowledge served as a foundation for future optimization strategies catered to individual proteins. Within the process of screening organic solvents for inducing protein precipitation, a combination of acetonitrile, isopropanol, and phosphate buffer proved to be exceptionally effective in one DP project while being equally compatible with PS profiling analyses. On the other hand, the use of ethanol in conjunction with EDTA resulted in optimal recovery values across all projects, although further investigation is needed to explore improvements in terms of specificity and compatibility with PS profiling analyses. The generated dataset succeeded in providing greater clarity on the essential factors for ensuring effective protein removal and bridging the gap to enhance the robustness of HPLC-based excipient analytics in the perspective of a standardized sample preparation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81133