Today it is clear that the left-wing political forces are in crisis and appear disarmed in the face of the advance of an increasingly extreme Right. The aim of the thesis is to bring out the values typically belonging to the Left-wing and whose reappropriation would first constitute a barrier and certainly an alternative to populism and sovereignism. We retrace the historical stages along the twentieth century of Socialism and Communism, the communist-anti-communist fracture. The ability to give life to social democracy, a point of balance which, although unstable, favored capitalism on the one hand and on the other set up a welfare system to support the working classes. Among the epochal challenges that the Left-wing have had to face, such as economic crises, the technological revolution and geo-political changes, attention is focused on the European project of building a supranational entity, on the acceptance of neoliberal ideas, whose seed was already inherent in the founding Treaties of what is now the European Union, and in the globalization considered by the European Left-wing as something inevitable to be governed. Retracing the historical events of the European Left, the focus is on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), in particular on the different ways in which they have approached the process of European integration necessary for renewal economic, political and social of Italy and globalization, which is not an inevitable external event but which, on the contrary, was favored by political decisions taken at European level by the majority left-wing governments during the 1990s, including the Italian one . There is the belief that the European Left-wing and more directly the Italian Left-wing, which has not known the social democratic experience, must necessarily mend the bond with its reference class by re-appropriating those values of social justice, solidarity and universalism which constitute its old identity, but it must also purge itself of the populisms that dwell within it.
Oggi è evidente come le forze politiche di Sinistra siano in crisi e si mostrino disarmate davanti all’avanzare di una Destra sempre più estrema. Lo scopo della tesi è quello di fare riemergere i valori tipicamente appartenenti alla Sinistra e la cui riappropriazione costituirebbe dapprima un argine e certamente un’alternativa al populismo e al sovranismo. Si ripercorrono le tappe storiche lungo il Novecento del Socialismo e del Comunismo, la frattura comunista-anticomunista. La capacità di dare vita alla socialdemocrazia, un punto di equilibrio che, seppur instabile, ha favorito da una parte il capitalismo e dall’altra ha messo in piedi un sistema di welfare a sostegno dei ceti popolari. Tra le sfide epocali che le Sinistre hanno dovuto affrontare, come le crisi economiche, la rivoluzione tecnologica e i cambiamenti geo-politici, si pone l’attenzione sul progetto europeo di costruzione di un’entità sovranazionale, sull’accoglimento delle idee neoliberiste, il cui seme era già insito nei Trattati fondativi di quella che oggi è l’Unione Europea, e sulla globalizzazione ritenuta dalle Sinistre europee qualcosa di ineluttabile da governare. Ripercorrendo le vicende storiche della Sinistra europea, si pone il focus sul Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) e sul Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI), in particolare dei diversi modi con cui questi si sono posti nei confronti del processo d’integrazione europea necessario al rinnovamento economico, politico e sociale dell’Italia e della globalizzazione, che non è un evento esterno inevitabile ma che, al contrario, è stato favorito da decisioni politiche prese a livello europeo dai governi di sinistra in maggioranza durante gli anni ’90, compreso quello italiano. Si ha la convinzione che la Sinistra europea e più direttamente quella italiana, che non ha conosciuto l’esperienza socialdemocratica, debba necessariamente ricucire il legame con la sua classe di riferimento riappropriandosi di quei valori di giustizia sociale, solidarietà e universalismo che costituiscono la sua vecchia identità, ma deve anche epurarsi dai populismi che pur albergano al suo interno.
La parabola del pensiero di Sinistra
PANNUZZO, LUCIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Today it is clear that the left-wing political forces are in crisis and appear disarmed in the face of the advance of an increasingly extreme Right. The aim of the thesis is to bring out the values typically belonging to the Left-wing and whose reappropriation would first constitute a barrier and certainly an alternative to populism and sovereignism. We retrace the historical stages along the twentieth century of Socialism and Communism, the communist-anti-communist fracture. The ability to give life to social democracy, a point of balance which, although unstable, favored capitalism on the one hand and on the other set up a welfare system to support the working classes. Among the epochal challenges that the Left-wing have had to face, such as economic crises, the technological revolution and geo-political changes, attention is focused on the European project of building a supranational entity, on the acceptance of neoliberal ideas, whose seed was already inherent in the founding Treaties of what is now the European Union, and in the globalization considered by the European Left-wing as something inevitable to be governed. Retracing the historical events of the European Left, the focus is on the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), in particular on the different ways in which they have approached the process of European integration necessary for renewal economic, political and social of Italy and globalization, which is not an inevitable external event but which, on the contrary, was favored by political decisions taken at European level by the majority left-wing governments during the 1990s, including the Italian one . There is the belief that the European Left-wing and more directly the Italian Left-wing, which has not known the social democratic experience, must necessarily mend the bond with its reference class by re-appropriating those values of social justice, solidarity and universalism which constitute its old identity, but it must also purge itself of the populisms that dwell within it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82053