Pyometra is one of the most frequently found pathologies of the reproductive tract in intact bitches, typically occurring during the diestrus phase. The anamnesis may include specific (e.g., vaginal discharge) and unspecific symptoms (e.g., depression, anorexia). Diagnosis is made through ultrasound examination of the uterus in combination with clinical presentation. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical. Age has been considered a predisposing factor with most cases presenting in older bitches. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in clinical presentation and hematobiochemical parameters of bitches affected by uterine diseases, considering factors such as age, diagnosis, and time since the last heat. Retrospective data were collected from 86 bitches presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Padua between January 2017 and October 2024. The age of bitches at presentation ranged between 1 and 17.7 years (mean: 9.1±3.7). The majority of cases (52.3%) were over 9 years old and 43% had the last heat less than 1.5 months prior to presentation at the VTH. Pathologies were categorized into open or closed pyometra based on the presence or absence of vaginal discharge, with 55,8% of cases classified as open pyometra. Depression and anorexia were the most commonly observed symptoms. Anorexia was significantly more prevalent in bitches with the last heat >1.5 months prior (p:0.025). Abdominal distension was significantly more common in bitches over 9 years old (p:0.001). Lower haematocrit (HCT) was significantly more common in bitches with closed pyometra (p:0.034). Thrombocytosis was significantly more common in bitches with the last heat >1.5 months prior to presentation (p:0.006). The majority of cases (77.9%) were treated with ovariohysterectomy (OVH) combined with antibiotic treatment. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their bitch’s health both in the short and long-term following either medical or surgical treatment. In 50% of cases which underwent pharmacological treatment owners requested elective OVH after resolution. In the days immediately following the procedure 87% of bitches treated surgically showed no significant general symptoms. Moreover 84% of bitches returned for a follow up ultrasound examination 7-10 days after surgery. The clear majority (90%) presented a normal postoperative recovery. These findings are supported by the available literature. External factors such as delayed diagnosis due to the owners’ difficulties in recognizing symptoms, especially in cases of closed pyometra, may influence clinical and hematologic parameters. Knowledge of aspecific symptoms of pyometra and the group of bitches at particular risk is of great importance to the clinician yet should also be communicated to owners of at-risk individuals to avoid delayed diagnosis.
La piometra è una delle patologie più comuni del tratto riproduttivo nelle cagne intere, che si manifesta tipicamente durante il diestro. L’anamnesi può includere sintomi specifici (ad esempio, scolo vulvare) e aspecifici (ad esempio, depressione, inappetenza, etc.). La diagnosi viene effettuata tramite esame ecografico dell’utero, in combinazione con la valutazione clinica. Il trattamento può essere conservativo o chirurgico. L’età è considerata un fattore predisponente, con la maggior parte dei casi che si verifica in cagne anziane. L’obiettivo dello studio è stato valutare l’esistenza di differenze significative nella presentazione clinica e nei parametri emato-biochimici delle cagne affette da patologie uterine, tenendo conto di variabili quali l'età, il tipo di diagnosi e il tempo trascorso dall’ultimo calore. I dati di interesse per lo studio sono stati raccolti da un campione di 86 cagne, presentatesi presso l’Ospedale Veterinario Universitario Didattico (OVUD) di Legnaro (PD) tra gennaio 2017 e ottobre 2024. L’età delle cagne al momento della presentazione variava tra 1 e 17.7 anni (media: 9.1 ± 3.7). La maggior parte delle cagne (52.3%) aveva più di 9 anni e il 43% aveva terminato l’ultimo calore meno di 1.5 mesi prima. Le patologie sono state classificate in piometra aperta o chiusa in base alla presenza o assenza di scolo vulvare; il 55.8% delle cagne ha ricevuto diagnosi di piometra aperta. I sintomi più frequentemente osservati sono stati depressione e anoressia. L’anoressia è risultata significativamente più comune nelle cagne in cui erano trascorsi >1.5 mesi dalla fine dell’ultimo calore (p:0,025). La distensione addominale è risultata un sintomo significativamente più frequente nelle cagne di età >9 anni (p:0,001). La riduzione dell’ematocrito (HCT) è risultata significativamente più comune nelle cagne con piometra chiusa (p:0,034). La trombocitopenia è risultata significativamente più frequente nelle cagne in cui erano trascorsi >1.5 mesi dalla fine dell’ultimo calore (p: 0.006). La maggior parte delle cagne (77.9%) è stata sottoposta a terapia chirurgica (ovarioisterectomia-OVH) in combinazione con terapia antibiotica. Ai proprietari è stato chiesto di compilare un questionario finalizzato a valutare lo stato di salute delle cagne sia nel breve che nel lungo periodo, a seguito del trattamento medico o chirurgico. Nel 50% delle cagne trattate farmacologicamente, i proprietari hanno successivamente richiesto l’intervento di OVH elettiva. Nei giorni immediatamente successivi alla procedura, l’87% delle cagne trattate chirurgicamente non ha manifestato sintomi generali significativi. L’84% delle cagne è tornato per un controllo ecografico 7-10 giorni dopo l’intervento e la stragrande maggioranza (90%) ha presentato un recupero post-operatorio nella norma. Questi risultati sono supportati dalla letteratura disponibile. Fattori esterni, come la diagnosi tardiva dovuta alla difficoltà dei proprietari nel riconoscere i sintomi, soprattutto nei casi di piometra chiusa, possono influenzare i parametri clinici ed ematologici. La conoscenza dei sintomi aspecifici e della categoria di cagne più a rischio di piometra è di grande importanza per il clinico, ma è altrettanto importante comunicare tali informazioni ai proprietari per evitare diagnosi tardive.
Gestione e follow up della casistica delle patologie uterine delle cagne presso l'Ospedale Veterinario Universitario Didattico
PEPE, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
Pyometra is one of the most frequently found pathologies of the reproductive tract in intact bitches, typically occurring during the diestrus phase. The anamnesis may include specific (e.g., vaginal discharge) and unspecific symptoms (e.g., depression, anorexia). Diagnosis is made through ultrasound examination of the uterus in combination with clinical presentation. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical. Age has been considered a predisposing factor with most cases presenting in older bitches. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in clinical presentation and hematobiochemical parameters of bitches affected by uterine diseases, considering factors such as age, diagnosis, and time since the last heat. Retrospective data were collected from 86 bitches presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Padua between January 2017 and October 2024. The age of bitches at presentation ranged between 1 and 17.7 years (mean: 9.1±3.7). The majority of cases (52.3%) were over 9 years old and 43% had the last heat less than 1.5 months prior to presentation at the VTH. Pathologies were categorized into open or closed pyometra based on the presence or absence of vaginal discharge, with 55,8% of cases classified as open pyometra. Depression and anorexia were the most commonly observed symptoms. Anorexia was significantly more prevalent in bitches with the last heat >1.5 months prior (p:0.025). Abdominal distension was significantly more common in bitches over 9 years old (p:0.001). Lower haematocrit (HCT) was significantly more common in bitches with closed pyometra (p:0.034). Thrombocytosis was significantly more common in bitches with the last heat >1.5 months prior to presentation (p:0.006). The majority of cases (77.9%) were treated with ovariohysterectomy (OVH) combined with antibiotic treatment. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their bitch’s health both in the short and long-term following either medical or surgical treatment. In 50% of cases which underwent pharmacological treatment owners requested elective OVH after resolution. In the days immediately following the procedure 87% of bitches treated surgically showed no significant general symptoms. Moreover 84% of bitches returned for a follow up ultrasound examination 7-10 days after surgery. The clear majority (90%) presented a normal postoperative recovery. These findings are supported by the available literature. External factors such as delayed diagnosis due to the owners’ difficulties in recognizing symptoms, especially in cases of closed pyometra, may influence clinical and hematologic parameters. Knowledge of aspecific symptoms of pyometra and the group of bitches at particular risk is of great importance to the clinician yet should also be communicated to owners of at-risk individuals to avoid delayed diagnosis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82172