The development and rapid spread of new technological and digital solutions over recent decades have radically transformed the context in which we live. In particular, in the industrial sector, the automation of production processes has led to a true revolution compared to previous models. The construction sector, while being a strategic field, has maintained a more conservative identity, despite the evident problems caused by labor shortages and the pressing need to reduce time, costs, and environmental impact. However, signs of innovation are emerging, demonstrating the necessity of significant changes. One example involves Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, initially developed in the industrial sector and later rapidly applied to construction. Specifically, this refers to the Extrusion Printing (EP) technique, which involves the extrusion printing of cementitious materials, where the formation of an element occurs through the deposition of overlapping layers. Despite current limitations due to the absence of specific structural regulations, it represents an extremely innovative solution from a technological perspective, with potential positive implications in terms of time, cost, and ecology. Following a general analysis of EP, a study of completed projects, and their methods of realization, a case study is developed. This case study aligns with the constructive technique of 3D printing a building and complies with current Italian regulations. The study also provides an opportunity to define a guideline for the various procedural phases. The proposed solution aims to use the printed walls not merely as infill but as structural components contributing to load resistance, in combination with reinforced concrete confinement elements. Since there are no technical directives for large-scale 3D-printed construction and given the similarities between printed walls and masonry walls, the design and structural verification are carried out with reference to national (NTC2018 and C1) and European (EC6 and EC8) standards for confined masonry construction in seismic areas.
Lo sviluppo e la rapida diffusione di nuove soluzioni tecnologiche e digitali di questi ultimi decenni ha trasformato radicalmente il contesto in cui viviamo. In particolare nell’industria, l’automazione dei processi produttivi ha determinato una vera e propria rivoluzione rispetto ai modelli antecedenti. Il mondo dell’edilizia, pur rappresentando un settore strategico, ha invece mantenuto un’identità più conservativa, nonostante siano evidenti le problematiche dovute alla carenza di manodopera e, al tempo stesso, si avverta la necessità di ridurre tempi, costi e impatto ambientale. Esistono però segnali di innovazione che dimostrano l’esigenza di apportare significativi cambiamenti. Un esempio riguarda proprio i processi di Additive Manufacturing (AM), nati in ambito industriale e poi sviluppatisi rapidamente anche in campo edilizio. In particolare si fa riferimento alla tecnica dell’Extrusion Printing (EP), ossia alla stampa per estrusione del materiale cementizio, in cui la formazione dell’elemento avviene per deposizione di layers sovrapposti. Nonostante gli attuali limiti dovuti alla mancanza di normative strutturali specifiche, costituisce una soluzione estremamente innovativa dal punto di vista tecnologico, con potenziali ripercussioni positive in termini temporali, economici ed ecologici. Dopo un’analisi generale sull’EP, lo studio di progetti già realizzati e delle loro modalità realizzative, viene sviluppato un caso studio conforme sia alla tecnica costruttiva di un edificio mediante stampante 3D, sia alle normative vigenti in Italia. Tale studio offre anche l’occasione per definire un vademecum delle diverse fasi procedimentali. La proposta sviluppata intende utilizzare le pareti stampate non come semplici tamponamenti, ma come componenti che contribuiscano alla resistenza strutturale, in combinazione con elementi di confinamento in calcestruzzo armato. Dal momento che non esistono direttive tecniche per l’edilizia in stampa 3D su larga scala e tenuto conto delle analogie tra parete stampata e parete in muratura, il progetto e la verifica strutturale vengono eseguiti con riferimento alle normative nazionali (NTC2018 e C1) ed europee (EC6 e EC8) per le costruzioni in muratura confinata in zona sismica.
Progetto strutturale di un edificio realizzato mediante stampa 3D
LUTMAN, FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
The development and rapid spread of new technological and digital solutions over recent decades have radically transformed the context in which we live. In particular, in the industrial sector, the automation of production processes has led to a true revolution compared to previous models. The construction sector, while being a strategic field, has maintained a more conservative identity, despite the evident problems caused by labor shortages and the pressing need to reduce time, costs, and environmental impact. However, signs of innovation are emerging, demonstrating the necessity of significant changes. One example involves Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, initially developed in the industrial sector and later rapidly applied to construction. Specifically, this refers to the Extrusion Printing (EP) technique, which involves the extrusion printing of cementitious materials, where the formation of an element occurs through the deposition of overlapping layers. Despite current limitations due to the absence of specific structural regulations, it represents an extremely innovative solution from a technological perspective, with potential positive implications in terms of time, cost, and ecology. Following a general analysis of EP, a study of completed projects, and their methods of realization, a case study is developed. This case study aligns with the constructive technique of 3D printing a building and complies with current Italian regulations. The study also provides an opportunity to define a guideline for the various procedural phases. The proposed solution aims to use the printed walls not merely as infill but as structural components contributing to load resistance, in combination with reinforced concrete confinement elements. Since there are no technical directives for large-scale 3D-printed construction and given the similarities between printed walls and masonry walls, the design and structural verification are carried out with reference to national (NTC2018 and C1) and European (EC6 and EC8) standards for confined masonry construction in seismic areas.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82281