Cancer research has always been a field of interest for the scientific community. Experimental articles aimed at developing innovative therapies that leverage new knowledge to address the problem from a different perspective are regularly published. Among these, an immunotherapeutic approach capable of stimulating a more robust immune response through the involvement of bystander T cells (TBYS) is the focus of this thesis. It has been shown that, among the numerous T lymphocytes recruited into the tumor microenvironment, only a small portion is actively fighting the tumor (and is also subject to progressive loss of efficiency), while the rest remain as bystanders, with some phenotypes associated with memory of common viruses from previous exposure. In this regard, the strategy involves engineering oncolytic viruses to use them as vectors in tumor cells for the expression of epitopes recognizable by specific TBYS. The OV-BYTE method has produced surprising results in vivo, but not yet enough to represent a standalone therapy. Its use in synergy with ICB therapy currently seems to be the most effective strategy. Considering the recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and the consequent immunization following infection or vaccination, this work demonstrates how OV-BYTE is applicable to specific acquired memory and its therapeutic efficacy.
La ricerca contro il cancro è sempre stata un campo di interesse per la comunità scientifica. Vengono pubblicati regolarmente articoli sperimentali volti allo sviluppo di terapie innovative che sfruttano le nuove conoscenze acquisite per affrontare il problema da un’altra prospettiva. Tra questi, un approccio immunoterapeutico in grado di stimolare una risposta immunitaria più consistente attraverso il coinvolgimento delle cellule T bystander (TBYS), è l’oggetto del lavoro presentato in questo elaborato di tesi. Si è dimostrato infatti che, tra i numerosi Linfociti T richiamati nel microambiente del tumore, soltanto una minima parte sia attiva nel combatterlo (inoltre soggetta a progressiva perdita di efficienza), mentre la restante risulta spettatrice con alcuni fenotipi associati alla memoria per virus comuni di precedente esposizione. A tal proposito, la strategia consiste nell’ingegnerizzare virus oncolitici al fine di utilizzarli come vettori, in cellule tumorali, per l’espressione di epitopi riconoscibili dalle specifiche TBYS. Il metodo OV-BYTE ha portato risultati sorprendenti in vivo, ma non ancora abbastanza da rappresentare una terapia esclusiva. L’utilizzo in sinergia con la terapia ICB sembrerebbe oggi la strategia più efficace. Considerata la recente epidemia da SARS-Cov-2 e la conseguente immunizzazione in seguito a contatto o vaccinazione, in questo lavoro si dimostra come l’OV-BYTE sia applicabile alla specifica memoria acquisita e la sua efficacia terapeutica.
Virus oncolitici come vettori di epitopi virali in cellule tumorali: un approccio immunoterapeutico basato sull’attivazione di linfociti TBYS della memoria con applicazione specifica riguardante SARS-Cov-2.
MARCHESE, GIORGIO
2024/2025
Abstract
Cancer research has always been a field of interest for the scientific community. Experimental articles aimed at developing innovative therapies that leverage new knowledge to address the problem from a different perspective are regularly published. Among these, an immunotherapeutic approach capable of stimulating a more robust immune response through the involvement of bystander T cells (TBYS) is the focus of this thesis. It has been shown that, among the numerous T lymphocytes recruited into the tumor microenvironment, only a small portion is actively fighting the tumor (and is also subject to progressive loss of efficiency), while the rest remain as bystanders, with some phenotypes associated with memory of common viruses from previous exposure. In this regard, the strategy involves engineering oncolytic viruses to use them as vectors in tumor cells for the expression of epitopes recognizable by specific TBYS. The OV-BYTE method has produced surprising results in vivo, but not yet enough to represent a standalone therapy. Its use in synergy with ICB therapy currently seems to be the most effective strategy. Considering the recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and the consequent immunization following infection or vaccination, this work demonstrates how OV-BYTE is applicable to specific acquired memory and its therapeutic efficacy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82654