The paper addresses the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field, with a particular focus on cardiology, analyzing its development, clinical applications, and ethical implications. AI is revolutionizing the healthcare sector through advanced technologies such as machine learning and deep learning, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatments, and optimizing healthcare processes. One of the most promising areas is automated electrocardiographic analysis (AI-ECG), which enables the early detection of cardiac conditions such as left ventricular dysfunction and silent atrial fibrillation. Thanks to its ability to process vast amounts of clinical data, AI supports medical personnel in identifying and monitoring cardiovascular diseases, reducing error margins and improving patient prognosis. Beyond clinical benefits, the use of AI raises ethical and operational concerns. Key issues include the protection of healthcare data privacy, the risk of algorithmic bias, and the need for transparency in decision-making processes. Additionally, AI offers opportunities for optimizing hospital resources, remotely monitoring chronic diseases, and implementing personalized therapies based on patients' specific characteristics. The paper also explores the importance of gender medicine in cardiovascular health, highlighting how biological and physiological differences between men and women influence the prevalence and manifestation of heart diseases. To promote a more inclusive approach to medicine, the Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR) serves as an innovative model for integrating gender into healthcare data analysis, improving diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy. Finally, the role of AI in the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in women is examined, with particular attention to specific risk factors such as early menopause, gestational diabetes, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. AI proves to be an essential tool for enhancing cardiac screening and facilitating targeted preventive interventions, as demonstrated by its application in resource-limited settings. Artificial Intelligence thus represents an extraordinary opportunity for the advancement of cardiology and medicine in general. However, its integration into healthcare systems requires an ethical and regulated approach to ensure its safe, fair, and effective use, contributing to a more innovative and accessible healthcare system.
L’elaborato tratta l’impiego dell’Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) in ambito medico, con particolare attenzione alla cardiologia, analizzando il suo sviluppo, le applicazioni cliniche e le implicazioni etiche. L’IA sta rivoluzionando il settore sanitario grazie a tecnologie avanzate come il machine learning e il deep learning, migliorando la precisione diagnostica, personalizzando i trattamenti e ottimizzando i processi sanitari. Uno degli ambiti più promettenti è l’analisi elettrocardiografica automatizzata (AI-ECG), che consente di individuare precocemente patologie cardiache, come la disfunzione ventricolare sinistra e la fibrillazione atriale silente. Grazie alla capacità di elaborare grandi quantità di dati clinici, l’IA supporta il personale medico nell’identificazione e nel monitoraggio delle patologie cardiovascolari, riducendo i margini di errore e migliorando la prognosi dei pazienti. Oltre ai benefici clinici, l’utilizzo dell’IA solleva questioni etiche e operative. La protezione della privacy dei dati sanitari, il rischio di bias algoritmico e la necessità di trasparenza nei processi decisionali sono aspetti cruciali da considerare. L’IA offre inoltre opportunità per l’ottimizzazione delle risorse ospedaliere, il monitoraggio remoto delle malattie croniche e l’adozione di terapie personalizzate basate sulle caratteristiche specifiche dei pazienti. L’elaborato esplora anche l’importanza della medicina di genere nella salute cardiovascolare, evidenziando come le differenze biologiche e fisiologiche tra uomini e donne influenzino la prevalenza e la manifestazione delle malattie cardiache. Per una medicina più inclusiva, il Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR) si propone come un modello innovativo per integrare il genere nell’analisi dei dati sanitari, migliorando l’accuratezza diagnostica e terapeutica. Infine, viene approfondito il ruolo dell’IA nella prevenzione e nella diagnosi delle malattie cardiovascolari nelle donne, con particolare attenzione ai fattori di rischio specifici come la menopausa precoce, il diabete gestazionale e l’ipertensione in gravidanza. L’IA si rivela uno strumento essenziale per migliorare lo screening cardiologico e facilitare interventi preventivi mirati, come dimostrato anche dall’applicazione in contesti con risorse limitate. L’Intelligenza Artificiale rappresenta dunque un’opportunità straordinaria per il progresso della cardiologia e della medicina in generale. Tuttavia, la sua integrazione nei sistemi sanitari richiede un approccio etico e regolamentato, affinché possa essere utilizzata in modo sicuro, equo ed efficace, contribuendo a una sanità più innovativa e accessibile.
L'Intelligenza Artificiale nella sanità cardiovascolare: implicazioni etiche e cliniche per una Medicina di Genere
PESERICO, ALICE
2024/2025
Abstract
The paper addresses the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field, with a particular focus on cardiology, analyzing its development, clinical applications, and ethical implications. AI is revolutionizing the healthcare sector through advanced technologies such as machine learning and deep learning, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatments, and optimizing healthcare processes. One of the most promising areas is automated electrocardiographic analysis (AI-ECG), which enables the early detection of cardiac conditions such as left ventricular dysfunction and silent atrial fibrillation. Thanks to its ability to process vast amounts of clinical data, AI supports medical personnel in identifying and monitoring cardiovascular diseases, reducing error margins and improving patient prognosis. Beyond clinical benefits, the use of AI raises ethical and operational concerns. Key issues include the protection of healthcare data privacy, the risk of algorithmic bias, and the need for transparency in decision-making processes. Additionally, AI offers opportunities for optimizing hospital resources, remotely monitoring chronic diseases, and implementing personalized therapies based on patients' specific characteristics. The paper also explores the importance of gender medicine in cardiovascular health, highlighting how biological and physiological differences between men and women influence the prevalence and manifestation of heart diseases. To promote a more inclusive approach to medicine, the Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR) serves as an innovative model for integrating gender into healthcare data analysis, improving diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy. Finally, the role of AI in the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in women is examined, with particular attention to specific risk factors such as early menopause, gestational diabetes, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. AI proves to be an essential tool for enhancing cardiac screening and facilitating targeted preventive interventions, as demonstrated by its application in resource-limited settings. Artificial Intelligence thus represents an extraordinary opportunity for the advancement of cardiology and medicine in general. However, its integration into healthcare systems requires an ethical and regulated approach to ensure its safe, fair, and effective use, contributing to a more innovative and accessible healthcare system.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82717