This thesis aims to outline the main characteristics of telescopes. Reflecting and refracting telescopes, the two most significant types, are presented to describe their operating principles and discuss their differences. The second chapter provides a detailed analysis of telescopes characterized by refractive elements, with particular attention to chromatic aberration. The definition of the physical nature of this issue is followed by a distinction between its two different types: lateral chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration. Various solutions to mitigate this undesirable phenomenon are examined. First, the importance of common geometries and materials used in lens manufacturing is emphasized to reduce the effects of color fringing. Then, simple designs such as the achromatic doublet and the apochromatic triplet are discussed, analytically deriving basic design solutions by imposing conditions on the optical powers of the different lenses. The third chapter describes the stages of the Dawn spacecraft's journey to Ceres and Vesta. The motivations behind NASA’s decision to launch the mission and the results achieved are presented. Furthermore, the instruments onboard the spacecraft that made this possible are described. Finally, an example of an application for refracting telescopes is discussed by analyzing the optical components of the Framing Camera.
La presente tesi si propone di elencare le principali caratteristiche dei telescopi. Vengono dunque presentati i telescopi riflessivi e quelli rifrattivi, le due tipologie più rilevanti, per descrivere il principio di funzionamento e per discuterne le differenze. Nel secondo capitolo si analizzano nel dettaglio i telescopi caratterizzati da elementi rifrat- tivi, con particolare attenzione all’aberrazione cromatica. Si definisce la natura fisica di questa problematica, per poi distinguerne due differenti tipologie: l’aberrazione cromatica laterale e quella assiale. Si esaminano soluzioni di vario tipo per mitigare questo fenomeno indesiderato. Innanzitutto si sottolinea l’importanza delle geometrie più comuni e dei materiali usati per la realizzazione delle lenti al fine di mitigare gli effetti della sfrangiatura del colore. Poi si discuto semplici desi- gn come il doppietto acromatico e il tripletto apocromatico, trovando per via analitica semplici soluzioni progettuali, imponendo condizioni sui poteri ottici delle varie lenti. Nel terzo capitolo si descrivono le tappe del viaggio della sonda Dawn verso Cerere e Vesta. Sono riportate le motivazioni che hanno spinto la NASA a lanciare la missione e i risultati conseguiti. Dunque si descrivono gli strumenti a bordo della sonda che hanno reso possibile tutto ciò. Infine si tratterà un esempio di applicazione per telescopi rifrattivi analizzando i componenti ottici della Framing Camera.
Configurazioni Ottiche di Telescopi con Elementi Rifrattivi
ROSSATO, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to outline the main characteristics of telescopes. Reflecting and refracting telescopes, the two most significant types, are presented to describe their operating principles and discuss their differences. The second chapter provides a detailed analysis of telescopes characterized by refractive elements, with particular attention to chromatic aberration. The definition of the physical nature of this issue is followed by a distinction between its two different types: lateral chromatic aberration and axial chromatic aberration. Various solutions to mitigate this undesirable phenomenon are examined. First, the importance of common geometries and materials used in lens manufacturing is emphasized to reduce the effects of color fringing. Then, simple designs such as the achromatic doublet and the apochromatic triplet are discussed, analytically deriving basic design solutions by imposing conditions on the optical powers of the different lenses. The third chapter describes the stages of the Dawn spacecraft's journey to Ceres and Vesta. The motivations behind NASA’s decision to launch the mission and the results achieved are presented. Furthermore, the instruments onboard the spacecraft that made this possible are described. Finally, an example of an application for refracting telescopes is discussed by analyzing the optical components of the Framing Camera.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82752