Purpose Pompe disease (PD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency leading to accumulation of glycogen, primarily in skeletal and respiratory muscles, but also in the heart. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard technique for non-invasive tissue characterization and, modern-day mapping techniques are significantly changing the management of patients with cardiovascular involvement. At the best of our knowledges, few data about CMR in PD are available, in particular on mapping techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the additional role of advanced CMR techniques in PD. Methods & Materials We evaluated patients with genetically proven PD consecutively referred to our center to perform CMR, based on the last ESC guidelines on the cardiomyopathies. CMR evaluation included conventional (SSFPcine sequences for function, T2-IR for oedema, and PSIR sequences for late gadolinium enhancement evaluation, LGE) and advanced techniques (SSFPcine sequences for feature-tracking analysis, MOLLI for T1mapping and ExtraCellular Volume, T2p-SSFP for T2mapping). Results Eight patients, 5 females, mean age 12.5±9.39 years (range 4-35), 4 IOPD were included. At traditional techniques, no significant alterations in cardiac function or oedema were found, and three LOPD patients showed small areas of non-ischemic fibrosis at LGE. Six patients (75%) showed increased ECV values (mean 31.3±1.3%), and seven had T1/T2 global and/or segmental mapping alterations (88%); in particular, IOPD patients had decreased T1 values, compatible with mild iron overload. Strain analysis turned out to be normal in all subjects. Conclusion Based on these data, CMR mapping and LGE techniques seems to have a significant diagnostic role in order to early tailor the therapy in patients affected by PD. Moreover, mapping techniques revealed new possible pathological mechanisms insights. Larger prospective data and clinical-instrumental correlations are recommended.
Scopo La malattia di Pompe è una rara malattia genetica causata dalla deficienza dell’enzima α-1,4-glicosidasi lisosomiale, che porta ad accumulo di glicogeno, primariamente nei muscoli scheletrici e nei muscoli respiratori, ed in secondo luogo nel muscolo cardiaco. La risonanza magnetica cardiaca (RMC) è la tecnica di imaging gold standard per una caratterizzazione non invasiva del tessuto cardiaco. In particolare, le moderne tecniche di mapping cardiaco stanno cambiando in modo significativo la gestione dei pazienti con coinvolgimento cardiovascolare. Ad oggi in letteratura sono disponibili pochi dati riguardo l’imaging di cardio-risonanza nella malattia di Pompe, ed in particolare con l’utilizzo di tecniche di T1 e T2 mapping. Lo scopo di questo studio consiste nel valutare il valore additivo delle tecniche avanzate di cardio-risonanza nella malattia di Pompe. Metodi Sono stati valutati pazienti affetti da malattia di Pompe con diagnosi genetica inviati presso il nostro Istituto di Radiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina-DIMED, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, per essere sottoposti a RMC, secondo le ultime linee guida ESC sulle cardiomiopatie. La valutazione di RMC comprendeva tecniche tradizionali (sequenze cine SSFP per la funzione, sequenze TIRM T2 per la valutazione dell’edema e sequenze PSIR per la valutazione del late gadolinium enhancement, LGE) e tecniche avanzate (sequenze cine SSFP per l’analisi della deformazione del miocardio, sequenze MOLLI per valutare T1 mapping e il volume extracellulare (VEC) e sequenze T2p-SSFP per il T2 mapping). Risultati Sono stati inclusi 8 pazienti, di cui 5 femmine, con età media 12.5±9.39 (range 4-35), 4 affetti da forma infantile (IOPD). Alle tecniche tradizionali, non sono emersi alterazioni significative della funzione o presenza di edema miocardico, e in tre dei pazienti affetti dalla forma a insorgenza tardiva (LOPD) sono state riscontrate piccole aree di fibrosi a pattern non ischemico. Sei pazienti (75%) sono risultati avere valori aumentati di VEC (media 31.3±1.3%), e sette (88%) avevano valori di T1 e/o di T2 mapping globale e/o segmentario alterati; in particolare, i pazienti con IOPD hanno mostrato valori ridotti di T1 mapping, reperto compatibile con lieve accumulo di ferro. L’analisi della deformazione del miocardio è risultata essere normale in tutti i soggetti. Conclusioni Sulla base dei nostri risultati, le tecniche di mapping e l’LGE sembrano avere un valore diagnostico significativo per una precoce ottimizzazione della terapia nei pazienti affetti da Malattia di Pompe. Inoltre le tecniche di mapping hanno rivelato nuovi possibili meccanismi patogenetici di malattia. Studi prospettici su campione più ampio e correlazioni clinico-strumentali sono necessari.
Risonanza magnetica cardiaca in pazienti con malattia rara di Pompe: nuovi orizzonti con le tecniche di mapping
CERVARO, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Purpose Pompe disease (PD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency leading to accumulation of glycogen, primarily in skeletal and respiratory muscles, but also in the heart. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold standard technique for non-invasive tissue characterization and, modern-day mapping techniques are significantly changing the management of patients with cardiovascular involvement. At the best of our knowledges, few data about CMR in PD are available, in particular on mapping techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the additional role of advanced CMR techniques in PD. Methods & Materials We evaluated patients with genetically proven PD consecutively referred to our center to perform CMR, based on the last ESC guidelines on the cardiomyopathies. CMR evaluation included conventional (SSFPcine sequences for function, T2-IR for oedema, and PSIR sequences for late gadolinium enhancement evaluation, LGE) and advanced techniques (SSFPcine sequences for feature-tracking analysis, MOLLI for T1mapping and ExtraCellular Volume, T2p-SSFP for T2mapping). Results Eight patients, 5 females, mean age 12.5±9.39 years (range 4-35), 4 IOPD were included. At traditional techniques, no significant alterations in cardiac function or oedema were found, and three LOPD patients showed small areas of non-ischemic fibrosis at LGE. Six patients (75%) showed increased ECV values (mean 31.3±1.3%), and seven had T1/T2 global and/or segmental mapping alterations (88%); in particular, IOPD patients had decreased T1 values, compatible with mild iron overload. Strain analysis turned out to be normal in all subjects. Conclusion Based on these data, CMR mapping and LGE techniques seems to have a significant diagnostic role in order to early tailor the therapy in patients affected by PD. Moreover, mapping techniques revealed new possible pathological mechanisms insights. Larger prospective data and clinical-instrumental correlations are recommended.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82862