Background: Pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor, mostly related to asbestos-exposure and associated with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for patients with resectable disease consists of a multimodality approach, including surgery and platinum derivatives plus pemetrexed in either neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. For patients with unresectable disease, first-line therapy involves platinum derivatives and pemetrexed for epithelioid histology, while the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved survival outcomes in non-epithelioid subtypes. The identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers could optimize patient stratification and therapeutic management. Aim of the study: The primary objective of this study is to describe the clinical-pathological characteristics of a cohort of patients with pleural mesothelioma, analyzing their clinical presentation and diagnostic-therapeutic iter. The secondary objective is to identify tissue and circulating biomarkers and evaluate their correlation with clinical outcomes to determine their predictive and prognostic role. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective-prospective study including 105 patients with pleural mesothelioma treated according to clinical practice. Tissue biomarkers were analyzed in biopsy samples from 21 patients using multiplex immunofluorescence panels within the Imaging-Meso trial. Levels of circulating cytokines were quantified in 31 patients using Multiplex Luminex technology during the ICE-M2 study. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 30). Results: Among the 105 enrolled patients, 42 (40%) underwent radical treatment, while 56 (53.3%) received first-line therapy with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 84 months for patients with resectable disease and 16,1 months for those with unresectable disease. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) after radical treatment was 16,5 months, whereas the median progression-free survival (PFS) during first-line therapy in unresectable disease was 6 months. At baseline (T0), higher levels of IL-1β (p=0.039), IL-6 (p=0.001), IL-8 (p=0.007), TNFα (p=0.001), and IL-10 (p=0.015) were observed in patients with non-epithelioid mesothelioma compared to epithelioid subtypes. Levels of IL-8 (p=0.004) and IL-10 (p=0.001) increased with chemotherapy. Levels of IL-10 (p=0.006) increased and levels of IL-8 (p=0.002), HGF (p=0.014), and the combined score of IL-6, IL-8, and HGF (p=0.04) decreased with immunotherapy. Lower IL-6 (p=0.044) and IL-8 (p=0.025) levels correlated with longer PFS after chemotherapy, whereas lower IL-6 (p=0.052) and TGF-β (p=0.015) levels correlated with longer OS after chemotherapy. A trend was observed between a lower combined score of IL-6, IL-8, and HGF and better PFS (p=0.055) and better OS (p=0.083) after immunotherapy. Non-epithelioid histology showed higher expression of FOXP3+ (p=0.032) and HLA- (p=0.018), as well as increased CD163+ (p=0.035) in the stroma. Epithelioid histology showed higher levels of HLA+ (p=0.033) and CD20+ (p=0.034) in the stroma, along with shorter distance between FOXP3+ and CD8+ (p=0.05). Lower FOXP3+ expression in the stroma (p=0.031) and shorter CD8+-CD20+ distance (p=0.019) correlated with longer OS. High stromal CD20+ levels showed a trend towards longer OS (p=0.066) and correlated with longer PFS (p=0.004). Shorter FOXP3+-CD8+ distance correlated with longer PFS (p=0.019), while a trend was observed between shorter CD8+-CD20+ distance and longer PFS (p=0.056). Conclusions: Surgery may provide a survival advantage if performed on carefully selected patients in high-expertise centers. Some tissue and circulating biomarkers may show a predictive and prognostic role for pleural mesothelioma.
Presupposti dello studio: Il mesotelioma pleurico è una neoplasia rara, principalmente dovuta all’esposizione all’asbesto e associata a prognosi infausta. La combinazione di chirurgia e chemioterapia con sali di platino e pemetrexed, in fase neoadiuvante o adiuvante, costituisce il trattamento standard per pazienti con malattia resecabile. Per i pazienti con malattia non resecabile, è prevista una prima linea di terapia con platino e pemetrexed in caso di istologia epitelioide, mentre gli inibitori del checkpoint immunitario hanno migliorato le prospettive di sopravvivenza negli istotipi non epitelioidi. L’identificazione di biomarcatori con valore predittivo e prognostico potrebbe ottimizzare la stratificazione dei pazienti e la gestione terapeutica. Scopo dello studio: L’obiettivo primario è descrivere le caratteristiche clinico-patologiche di una coorte di pazienti affetti da mesotelioma pleurico, analizzandone la presentazione clinica e l’iter diagnostico-terapeutico. L’obiettivo secondario è l’individuazione di biomarcatori tissutali e circolanti e l'analisi della correlazione di quest’ultimi con gli outcome clinici. Materiali e metodi: E' uno studio monocentrico retrospettivo-prospettico che ha considerato 105 pazienti affetti da mesotelioma pleurico trattati secondo pratica clinica. Di 21 pazienti sono stati analizzati i marcatori tissutali su campioni bioptici attraverso pannelli per immunofluorescenza multipla, nell’ambito del trial Imaging-Meso. 31 pazienti sono stati sottoposti alla valutazione delle citochine circolanti mediante tecnologia Multiplex Luminex, all’interno dello studio ICE-M2. Le analisi statistiche sono state eseguite tramite il software IBM SPSS Statistics (versione 30). Risultati: Dei 105 pazienti arruolati, 42 (40%) sono stati sottoposti a trattamento radicale e 56 (53,3%) indirizzati a prima linea di terapia con chemioterapia o immunoterapia. L’OS mediana è risultata di 84 mesi per i pazienti con malattia resecabile e di 16,1 mesi per i pazienti con malattia non resecabile. La RFS mediana post trattamento radicale è stata di 16,5 mesi, mentre la PFS mediana in prima linea di terapia per malattia non resecabile è stata di 6 mesi. A T0 si sono osservati livelli più alti di IL-1β (p=0,039), IL-6 (p=0,001), IL-8 (p=0,007), TNFα (p=0,001) e IL-10 (p=0,015) nei pazienti con mesotelioma non epitelioide rispetto all’epitelioide. Con la chemioterapia i livelli di IL-8 (p=0,004) e IL-10 (p=0,001) sono aumentati. Con l’immunoterapia i livelli di IL-10 (p=0,006) sono aumentati e i livelli di IL-8 (p=0,002), di HGF (p=0,014) e dello score combinato di IL-6, IL-8 e HGF (p=0,04) sono diminuiti. Livelli più bassi di IL-6 (p=0,044) e IL-8 (p=0,025) correlavano con una migliore PFS dopo chemioterapia. Livelli più bassi di IL-6 (p=0,052) e TGF-β (p=0,015) correlavano con una migliore OS dopo chemioterapia. Si è riscontrato un trend tra un basso score combinato di IL-6, IL-8 e HGF e migliori PFS (p=0,055) e OS (p=0.083) dopo immunoterapia. L’istologia non epitelioide presentava maggiore espressione di FOXP3+ (p=0,032) e HLA- (p=0,018) e, nello stroma, di CD163+ (p=0,035); quella epitelioide più alti livelli di HLA+ (p=0,033) e, nello stroma, di CD20+ (p=0,034) e mostrava una minore distanza tra FOXP3+ e CD8+ (p=0,05). Una bassa espressione di FOXP3+ nello stroma(p=0,031) e una minore distanza tra CD8+ e CD20+ (p=0,019) correlavano con un’OS migliore. Alti livelli di CD20+ nello stroma mostravano una tendenza verso un’OS migliore (p=0,066) e correlavano con una PFS più lunga (p=0,004). Una minore distanza tra FOXP3+ e CD8+ correlava con una migliore PFS (p=0,019) e vi era un trend tra una minore distanza tra CD8+ e CD20+ e una migliore PFS (p=0,056). Conclusioni: La chirurgia in centri specializzati migliora la sopravvivenza. Alcuni marcatori mostrano ruolo predittivo e prognostico.
Caratterizzazione clinico-patologica e individuazione di biomarker predittivi e prognostici in pazienti con mesotelioma pleurico: uno studio monocentrico retrospettivo-prospettico
RAIMONDO, LUCREZIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor, mostly related to asbestos-exposure and associated with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for patients with resectable disease consists of a multimodality approach, including surgery and platinum derivatives plus pemetrexed in either neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. For patients with unresectable disease, first-line therapy involves platinum derivatives and pemetrexed for epithelioid histology, while the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved survival outcomes in non-epithelioid subtypes. The identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers could optimize patient stratification and therapeutic management. Aim of the study: The primary objective of this study is to describe the clinical-pathological characteristics of a cohort of patients with pleural mesothelioma, analyzing their clinical presentation and diagnostic-therapeutic iter. The secondary objective is to identify tissue and circulating biomarkers and evaluate their correlation with clinical outcomes to determine their predictive and prognostic role. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective-prospective study including 105 patients with pleural mesothelioma treated according to clinical practice. Tissue biomarkers were analyzed in biopsy samples from 21 patients using multiplex immunofluorescence panels within the Imaging-Meso trial. Levels of circulating cytokines were quantified in 31 patients using Multiplex Luminex technology during the ICE-M2 study. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 30). Results: Among the 105 enrolled patients, 42 (40%) underwent radical treatment, while 56 (53.3%) received first-line therapy with either chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 84 months for patients with resectable disease and 16,1 months for those with unresectable disease. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) after radical treatment was 16,5 months, whereas the median progression-free survival (PFS) during first-line therapy in unresectable disease was 6 months. At baseline (T0), higher levels of IL-1β (p=0.039), IL-6 (p=0.001), IL-8 (p=0.007), TNFα (p=0.001), and IL-10 (p=0.015) were observed in patients with non-epithelioid mesothelioma compared to epithelioid subtypes. Levels of IL-8 (p=0.004) and IL-10 (p=0.001) increased with chemotherapy. Levels of IL-10 (p=0.006) increased and levels of IL-8 (p=0.002), HGF (p=0.014), and the combined score of IL-6, IL-8, and HGF (p=0.04) decreased with immunotherapy. Lower IL-6 (p=0.044) and IL-8 (p=0.025) levels correlated with longer PFS after chemotherapy, whereas lower IL-6 (p=0.052) and TGF-β (p=0.015) levels correlated with longer OS after chemotherapy. A trend was observed between a lower combined score of IL-6, IL-8, and HGF and better PFS (p=0.055) and better OS (p=0.083) after immunotherapy. Non-epithelioid histology showed higher expression of FOXP3+ (p=0.032) and HLA- (p=0.018), as well as increased CD163+ (p=0.035) in the stroma. Epithelioid histology showed higher levels of HLA+ (p=0.033) and CD20+ (p=0.034) in the stroma, along with shorter distance between FOXP3+ and CD8+ (p=0.05). Lower FOXP3+ expression in the stroma (p=0.031) and shorter CD8+-CD20+ distance (p=0.019) correlated with longer OS. High stromal CD20+ levels showed a trend towards longer OS (p=0.066) and correlated with longer PFS (p=0.004). Shorter FOXP3+-CD8+ distance correlated with longer PFS (p=0.019), while a trend was observed between shorter CD8+-CD20+ distance and longer PFS (p=0.056). Conclusions: Surgery may provide a survival advantage if performed on carefully selected patients in high-expertise centers. Some tissue and circulating biomarkers may show a predictive and prognostic role for pleural mesothelioma.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82865