Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is one of the most frequent obstetrical complications and is mainly caused by placental dysfunction. Defined as the inability of a fetus to reach its full genetically predetermined growth potential, its diagnosis is based on the assessment of fetal size and the study of both fetal and maternal haemodynamics. The diagnosis of FGR exposes the newborn to an increased risk of complications both in the neonatal period and in the long term, especially at the cardiological and neurological level. Aim: The main aim of the study is to evaluate prenatal and postnatal Doppler changes of PI MCA in FGR fetuses and compare them with those in AGA. Materials and Methods: Single-centre interventional longitudinal prospective controlled study on single pregnancies at 30-39 weeks gestation. All patients divided into two groups, FGR and AGA, underwent ultrasound evaluation with sampling of the umbilical artery (UA), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). At birth, PSV and PI of the neonatal MCA were measured within 72 hours after delivery and correlated with prenatal Doppler. The study compared Doppler characteristics of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of FGR infants (N = 40) with abnormal prenatal Doppler, with those of appropriately grown infants (AGA) (N = 24), in the immediate postnatal period. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests including Student's t-test, Wilcoxon's test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: FGR fetuses showed significantly lower values than AGAs for EWF, AC and AF. There were no significant differences in the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery, the PI of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the systolic peak velocity of the prenatal MCA. At birth, the PI of postnatal MCA was higher in FGRs (1.34, ±0.33) than in AGAs (1.20, ±0.24) but the difference was not significant (p=0.064). Conclusions: MCA Doppler changes significantly before and after delivery. Although a different pattern in AGA and FGR can be appreciated, this does not appear significant in our study.
La restrizione di crescita (Fetal Growth Restriction, FGR) è una delle complicazioni ostetriche più frequenti ed è principalmente causata da una disfunzione placentare. Definita come l'incapacità di un feto di raggiungere il suo pieno potenziale di crescita geneticamente predeterminato, la sua diagnosi si basa sulla valutazione delle dimensioni fetali e sullo studio dell’emodinamica sia fetale che materna. La diagnosi di FGR espone il neonato ad un rischio maggiore di complicanze sia nel periodo neonatale che a lungo termine, soprattutto a livello cardiologico e neurologico. Scopo: Lo studio ha come obiettivo principale quello di valutare le modificazioni Doppler prenatali e post-natali del PI MCA nei feti FGR e confrontarle con quelle degli AGA. Materiali e Metodi: Studio monocentrico interventistico longitudinale prospettico controllato su gravidanze singole a 30-39 settimane di gestazione. Tutte le pazienti suddivise in due gruppi, FGR e AGA, sono state sottoposte a valutazione ecografica con campionamento dell'arteria ombelicale (UA), della velocità sistolica di picco (PSV) e dell'indice di pulsatilità (PI) dell'arteria cerebrale media (MCA). Alla nascita, la PSV e il PI dell'MCA neonatale sono stati misurati entro le 72 ore dal parto e correlati con il Doppler prenatale. Lo studio ha confrontato le caratteristiche Doppler dell'arteria cerebrale media (MCA) dei neonati FGR (N = 40) con Doppler prenatali anormali, con quelle dei neonati cresciuti in modo appropriato (AGA) (N = 24), nell'immediato periodo postnatale. I dati sono stati analizzati utilizzando test statistici appropriati tra cui il test t di Student, il test di Wilcoxon, il test del chi-quadrato ed il test esatto di Fisher. Risultati: I feti FGR hanno mostrato valori significativamente inferiori rispetto agli AGA per EWF, AC e AF. Non sono emerse differenze significative nell'indice di pulsatilità (PI) dell'arteria ombelicale, del PI dell'arteria cerebrale media (MCA) e del picco sistolico di velocità della MCA prenatale. Alla nascita, il PI della MCA postnatale era maggiore nei FGR (1.34, ±0.33) rispetto agli AGA (1.20, ±0.24) ma la differenza non risulta essere significativa (p=0.064). Conclusioni: Il Doppler dell’MCA cambia in modo significativo prima e dopo il parto. Sebbene si possa apprezzare un differente andamento negli AGA e negli FGR, questo non appare significativo nel nostro studio.
Valutazione dell'arteria cerebrale media neonatale in epoca perinatale
SCIARROTTA, ELISA
2024/2025
Abstract
Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is one of the most frequent obstetrical complications and is mainly caused by placental dysfunction. Defined as the inability of a fetus to reach its full genetically predetermined growth potential, its diagnosis is based on the assessment of fetal size and the study of both fetal and maternal haemodynamics. The diagnosis of FGR exposes the newborn to an increased risk of complications both in the neonatal period and in the long term, especially at the cardiological and neurological level. Aim: The main aim of the study is to evaluate prenatal and postnatal Doppler changes of PI MCA in FGR fetuses and compare them with those in AGA. Materials and Methods: Single-centre interventional longitudinal prospective controlled study on single pregnancies at 30-39 weeks gestation. All patients divided into two groups, FGR and AGA, underwent ultrasound evaluation with sampling of the umbilical artery (UA), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). At birth, PSV and PI of the neonatal MCA were measured within 72 hours after delivery and correlated with prenatal Doppler. The study compared Doppler characteristics of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of FGR infants (N = 40) with abnormal prenatal Doppler, with those of appropriately grown infants (AGA) (N = 24), in the immediate postnatal period. Data were analysed using appropriate statistical tests including Student's t-test, Wilcoxon's test, chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: FGR fetuses showed significantly lower values than AGAs for EWF, AC and AF. There were no significant differences in the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery, the PI of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the systolic peak velocity of the prenatal MCA. At birth, the PI of postnatal MCA was higher in FGRs (1.34, ±0.33) than in AGAs (1.20, ±0.24) but the difference was not significant (p=0.064). Conclusions: MCA Doppler changes significantly before and after delivery. Although a different pattern in AGA and FGR can be appreciated, this does not appear significant in our study.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82870