Introduction: Erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) is a particularly aggressive form of osteoarthritis, characterized by rapid joint damage progression. Recent studies suggest a possible link between EHOA and various systemic comorbidities, particularly bone metabolism alterations and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of comorbidities on the clinical and radiological course of EHOA, also analyzing the role of premenopausal onset in joint damage severity and symptomatology. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 87 EHOA patients followed at the Rheumatology Unit of the Azienda Ospedale - Università Padova between January 2015 and February 2025. All enrolled patients presented at least one central erosion in a proximal interphalangeal (PIP) or distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint on hand radiographs. Anamnestic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected, including AUSCAN (Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index), DREISER (Dreiser's finger pain-functional index) scores for hand function and disability. Radiological evaluation was performed using Altman scoring on bilateral hand radiographs. Metabolic comorbidities were analyzed in detail, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated. Fracture risk was estimated using the DeFRA tool. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, Student’s t-test, and linear and logistic regressions, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study cohort consisted predominantly of women (88.5%) with a mean age of 63.17 years. The most severe radiographic damage was found in DIP joints, showing significant joint space narrowing and erosions. Cardiovascular risk factors were present in 75.86% of patients, while 18.4% had an osteoporosis diagnosis. Osteoporosis was associated with increased osteophytosis (p=0.013) and greater functional disability (AUSCAN, p=0.024; DREISER, p=0.018). Additionally, a T-score below -1 correlated with increased pain (VAS, p=0.045) and inflammation (CRP, p=0.038). Diabetes was significantly associated with greater joint space narrowing (p=0.043). Finally, premenopausal disease onset was correlated with more pronounced joint space narrowing (p=0.017). No significant correlation emerged between the Charlson Comorbidity Index and structural damage or disease activity. Conclusions: This study highlights the role of metabolic comorbidities and osteoporosis in EHOA progression, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in disease management. Premenopausal onset was associated with greater radiographic damage, suggesting a potential modulatory role of hormones in disease progression. These findings reinforce the need for careful comorbidity assessment and targeted therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis and quality of life in EHOA patients.
Introduzione: L'artrosi erosiva della mano (EHOA) è una forma particolarmente aggressiva di artrosi, caratterizzata da una rapida progressione del danno articolare. Studi recenti suggeriscono un possibile legame tra EHOA e diverse comorbidità sistemiche, in particolare alterazioni del metabolismo osseo e patologie cardiovascolari. Obiettivo: Questo studio si propone di valutare l’impatto delle comorbidità sul decorso clinico e radiologico dell’EHOA, analizzando anche il ruolo dell’esordio pre-menopausale sulla gravità del danno articolare e sulla sintomatologia. Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo su 87 pazienti con EHOA seguiti presso l’Unità di Reumatologia dell’Azienda Ospedale - Università Padova tra il gennaio 2015 ed il febbraio 2025. Tutti i pazienti arruolati presentavano almeno un’erosione centrale in un'articolazione interfalangea prossimale (PIP) o distale (DIP) alla radiografia delle mani. Sono stati raccolti dati anamnestici e, laboratoristici e clinici, in particolare sono stati calcolati gli score di funzionalità e disabilità della mano AUSCAN (Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index), DREISER (indice algo-funzionale delle dita di Dreiser). La valutazione radiologica è stata eseguita mediante scoring di Altman sulle radiografie bilaterali delle mani. Sono state analizzate approfonditamente le comorbidità metaboliche ed è stato calcolato l’Indice di Charlson, mentre il rischio di frattura è stato stimato con il DeFRA. Le analisi statistiche includevano la correlazione di Pearson, test t di student, regressioni lineari e logistiche. Il livello di significatività è stato fissato a p < 0,05. Risultati: La coorte studiata era composta prevalentemente da donne (88,5%), con un’età media di 63,17 anni. Il danno radiografico più severo è stato riscontrato nelle articolazioni DIP, con una significativa riduzione della rima articolare ed erosioni. Il 75,86% dei pazienti presentava almeno un fattore di rischio cardiovascolare, mentre il 18,4% aveva una diagnosi di osteoporosi. L’osteoporosi è risultata associata a un aumento dell’osteofitosi (p=0,013) e a una maggiore disabilità funzionale (AUSCAN, p=0,024; DREISER, p=0,018). Inoltre, un T-score inferiore a -1 è stato correlato a un aumento del dolore (VAS, p=0,045) e dell’infiammazione (PCR, p=0,038). Il diabete è stato significativamente associato a una maggiore riduzione della rima articolare (p=0,043). Infine, l’esordio pre-menopausale della malattia è risultato correlato a un maggiore riduzione della rima articolare (p=0,017). Non è emersa alcuna correlazione significativa tra il Charlson Comorbidity Index e il danno strutturale o l’attività di malattia. Conclusioni: I risultati di questo studio evidenziano il ruolo delle comorbidità metaboliche e dell’osteoporosi nella progressione della EHOA, sottolineando l’importanza di un approccio multidisciplinare nella gestione della malattia. L’esordio pre-menopausale è stato associato a un maggiore danno radiografico, suggerendo un possibile ruolo modulatore degli ormoni nella progressione della malattia. Questi risultati rafforzano la necessità di un’attenta valutazione delle comorbidità e di un intervento terapeutico mirato, al fine di migliorare la prognosi e la qualità di vita dei pazienti con EHOA.
Artrosi erosiva della mano: l’impatto delle comorbidità nel contesto della malattia articolare
BENVOLUTI, CLARISSA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) is a particularly aggressive form of osteoarthritis, characterized by rapid joint damage progression. Recent studies suggest a possible link between EHOA and various systemic comorbidities, particularly bone metabolism alterations and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of comorbidities on the clinical and radiological course of EHOA, also analyzing the role of premenopausal onset in joint damage severity and symptomatology. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 87 EHOA patients followed at the Rheumatology Unit of the Azienda Ospedale - Università Padova between January 2015 and February 2025. All enrolled patients presented at least one central erosion in a proximal interphalangeal (PIP) or distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint on hand radiographs. Anamnestic, laboratory, and clinical data were collected, including AUSCAN (Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index), DREISER (Dreiser's finger pain-functional index) scores for hand function and disability. Radiological evaluation was performed using Altman scoring on bilateral hand radiographs. Metabolic comorbidities were analyzed in detail, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was calculated. Fracture risk was estimated using the DeFRA tool. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s correlation, Student’s t-test, and linear and logistic regressions, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study cohort consisted predominantly of women (88.5%) with a mean age of 63.17 years. The most severe radiographic damage was found in DIP joints, showing significant joint space narrowing and erosions. Cardiovascular risk factors were present in 75.86% of patients, while 18.4% had an osteoporosis diagnosis. Osteoporosis was associated with increased osteophytosis (p=0.013) and greater functional disability (AUSCAN, p=0.024; DREISER, p=0.018). Additionally, a T-score below -1 correlated with increased pain (VAS, p=0.045) and inflammation (CRP, p=0.038). Diabetes was significantly associated with greater joint space narrowing (p=0.043). Finally, premenopausal disease onset was correlated with more pronounced joint space narrowing (p=0.017). No significant correlation emerged between the Charlson Comorbidity Index and structural damage or disease activity. Conclusions: This study highlights the role of metabolic comorbidities and osteoporosis in EHOA progression, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in disease management. Premenopausal onset was associated with greater radiographic damage, suggesting a potential modulatory role of hormones in disease progression. These findings reinforce the need for careful comorbidity assessment and targeted therapeutic interventions to improve prognosis and quality of life in EHOA patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82873