Bone metastases are an increasingly common condition with a high social impact. From the orthopedic point of view, the goals of surgical treatment are to improve the patient's quality of life and function, to prevent or treat pathological fractures, and to cure when possible. The two pivotal aspects to be evaluated in determining the type of surgical treatment are the probability of pathological fracture and life expectancy. In patients with high fracture probability and low life expectancy the most viable option turns out to be intramedullary nailing while in patients high fracture probability and high life expectancy the most viable option turns out to be resection and reconstruction with prosthesis. Also newly defined turns out to be the concept of oligometastasis used to define an intermediate condition between limited and polymetastatic tumors in which more aggressive treatment can be performed for curative purposes. The aim of this study turns out to be the evaluation of patients with long bone metastases undergoing surgical treatment to analyze how the latter may affect quality of life and survival. The analysis was based on dividing patients into three different groups: patients with single metastasis, patients with oligometastasis and patients with multiple metastasis, and comparing them. This is a retrospective study that analyzes 220 patients with long bone metastases treated surgically during the time period of October 2015 to June 2024. Of the 220 patients: 42 had a single metastasis at diagnosis, 40 had an oligometastatic condition at diagnosis, and 138 had multiple metastases at diagnosis. In 137 patients, the surgical treatment of choice was resection and prosthetic reconstruction, and for 83 patients, the surgical treatment of choice was intramedullary nailing. Overall survival was statistically significantly higher in the groups of patients with single metastasis or oligometastasis than in the group of patients with multiple metastases (p<0.0001). According to the type of treatment, it was observed that patients treated by resection and prosthetic reconstruction presented a longer survival than patients treated by intramedullary nailing (p<0.0001). Regarding the number of complications these presented significantly more in patients treated by resection and prosthetic reconstruction than in patients treated by intramedullary nailing. Despite the presence of some complications the survival curves of the implants proved to be higher than the survival curves of the patients. The increased survival of the cancer patient is accompanied by an increase in the number of patients who will go on to develop bone metastases. Fundamental for the optimal patient management appears to be working in a multidisciplinary team. In this study, in concordance with most of the literature taken in analysis, it could be observed that patients with single metastasis and oligometastasis have similar survival and that it is crucial to keep the survival curves of implants above the survival curves of patients so that the patient does not have to undergo further interventions and interruption of oncological therapies. Through data analysis, it was observed that there is no difference in survival between patients with single metastasis and patients with oligometastasis so the latter should also be considered for a more aggressive surgical approach by resection surgery and prosthetic reconstruction. Treatment by intramedullary nail is more indicated in patients with poor prognosis.
Le metastasi ossee sono una condizione sempre più frequente e con un elevato impatto sociale. Dal punto di vista ortopedico gli obbiettivi del trattamento chirurgico sono: migliorare la qualità di vita e la funzionalità del paziente, prevenire o trattare le fratture patologiche e curare quando possibile. I due aspetti cardine da valutare per stabilire la tipologia di trattamento chirurgico sono la probabilità di frattura patologica e l’aspettativa di vita. In pazienti con elevata probabilità di frattura e ridotta aspettativa di vita l’opzione più valida risulta essere l’inchiodamento endomidollare mentre in pazienti elevata probabilità di frattura ed elevata aspettativa di vita l’opzione più valida risulta essere la resezione e ricostruzione con protesi. Di recente definizione risulta anche il concetto di oligometastasi utilizzato per definire una condizione intermedia tra i tumori limitati e i tumori polimetastatici in cui un trattamento maggiormente aggressivo può essere effettuato a scopo curativo. Il fine di questo studio risulta essere la valutazione dei pazienti con metastasi delle ossa lunghe sottoposti a trattamento chirurgico per analizzare come quest’ultimo possa inficiare sulla qualità di vita e sulla sopravvivenza. L’analisi si è basata sulla suddivisione dei pazienti in tre gruppi differenti: pazienti con metastasi singola, pazienti con oligometastasi e pazienti con metastasi multiple, e sulla loro comparazione. Lo studio è di tipo retrospettivo e analizza 220 pazienti con metastasi a livello delle ossa lunghe trattati chirurgicamente nel periodo di tempo compreso ottobre 2015 e giungo 2024. Dei 220 pazienti: 42 presentavano alla diagnosi una metastasi singola, 40 presentavano alla diagnosi una condizione oligometastatica e 138 presentavano alla diagnosi metastasi multiple. In 137 pazienti è stato effettuato l’intervento di resezione e ricostruzione protesica e per 83 pazienti l’inchiodamento endomidollare. La sopravvivenza complessiva si è dimostrata maggiore in maniera statisticamente significativa nei gruppi di pazienti con metastasi singola o oligometastasi rispetto al gruppo di pazienti con metastasi multiple. In base alla tipologia di trattamento si è osservato come i pazienti trattati con resezione e ricostruzione protesica abbiano presentato una sopravvivenza maggiore rispetto ai pazienti trattati tramite inchiodamento endomidollare. Per quanto riguarda il numero delle complicanze queste si sono presentate in maniera maggiore nei pazienti trattati tramite resezione e ricostruzione protesica rispetto ai pazienti trattati tramite chiodo endomidollare. Nonostante la presenza di alcune complicanze le curve di sopravvivenza degli impianti si sono dimostrate superiori rispetto alle curve di sopravvivenza dei pazienti. Fondamentale per un’ottimale gestione del paziente risulta essere la presa in carico del paziente da parte di un team multidisciplinare. In questo studio, in maniera concordante con la maggior parte della letteratura presa in analisi, si è potuto osservare come i pazienti con metastasi singola ed oligometastasi presentino una sopravvivenza sovrapponibile e come sia fondamentale mantenere le curve di sopravvivenza degli impianti al di sopra delle curve di sopravvivenza dei pazienti in modo tale da non dover sottoporre il paziente ad ulteriori interventi ed interruzione delle terapie oncologiche. Tramite l’analisi dei dati si è osservato che non è presente una differenza di sopravvivenza tra i pazienti con metastasi singola e i pazienti con oligometastasi quindi anche quest’ultimi dovrebbero essere considerati per un approccio chirurgico maggiormente aggressivo tramite intervento di resezione e ricostruzione protesica. Il trattamento tramite chiodo endomidollare risulta maggiormente indicato in pazienti con una prognosi scarsa.
Indicazioni per l'inchiodamento endomidollare o la resezione con ricostruzione protesica nel trattamento chirurgico delle metastasi delle ossa lunghe: risultati dell'esperienza della Clinica Ortopedica di Padova
MARCHIORO, LEONARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
Bone metastases are an increasingly common condition with a high social impact. From the orthopedic point of view, the goals of surgical treatment are to improve the patient's quality of life and function, to prevent or treat pathological fractures, and to cure when possible. The two pivotal aspects to be evaluated in determining the type of surgical treatment are the probability of pathological fracture and life expectancy. In patients with high fracture probability and low life expectancy the most viable option turns out to be intramedullary nailing while in patients high fracture probability and high life expectancy the most viable option turns out to be resection and reconstruction with prosthesis. Also newly defined turns out to be the concept of oligometastasis used to define an intermediate condition between limited and polymetastatic tumors in which more aggressive treatment can be performed for curative purposes. The aim of this study turns out to be the evaluation of patients with long bone metastases undergoing surgical treatment to analyze how the latter may affect quality of life and survival. The analysis was based on dividing patients into three different groups: patients with single metastasis, patients with oligometastasis and patients with multiple metastasis, and comparing them. This is a retrospective study that analyzes 220 patients with long bone metastases treated surgically during the time period of October 2015 to June 2024. Of the 220 patients: 42 had a single metastasis at diagnosis, 40 had an oligometastatic condition at diagnosis, and 138 had multiple metastases at diagnosis. In 137 patients, the surgical treatment of choice was resection and prosthetic reconstruction, and for 83 patients, the surgical treatment of choice was intramedullary nailing. Overall survival was statistically significantly higher in the groups of patients with single metastasis or oligometastasis than in the group of patients with multiple metastases (p<0.0001). According to the type of treatment, it was observed that patients treated by resection and prosthetic reconstruction presented a longer survival than patients treated by intramedullary nailing (p<0.0001). Regarding the number of complications these presented significantly more in patients treated by resection and prosthetic reconstruction than in patients treated by intramedullary nailing. Despite the presence of some complications the survival curves of the implants proved to be higher than the survival curves of the patients. The increased survival of the cancer patient is accompanied by an increase in the number of patients who will go on to develop bone metastases. Fundamental for the optimal patient management appears to be working in a multidisciplinary team. In this study, in concordance with most of the literature taken in analysis, it could be observed that patients with single metastasis and oligometastasis have similar survival and that it is crucial to keep the survival curves of implants above the survival curves of patients so that the patient does not have to undergo further interventions and interruption of oncological therapies. Through data analysis, it was observed that there is no difference in survival between patients with single metastasis and patients with oligometastasis so the latter should also be considered for a more aggressive surgical approach by resection surgery and prosthetic reconstruction. Treatment by intramedullary nail is more indicated in patients with poor prognosis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
INDICAZIONI PER L'INCHIODAMENTO ENDOMIDOLLARE O LA RESEZIONE CON RICOSTRUZIONE PROTESICA NEL TRATTAMENTO CHIRURGICO DELLE METASTASI DELLE OSSA LUNGHE RISULTATI DELL'ESPERIENZA DELLA CLINICA ORTOPEDICA DI PADOVA.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.4 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82884