Increasing levels of carbon dioxide, with consequent environmental problems, have led to the investigation of new methods for CO2 sequestration and, among biological solutions, marine microorganisms belonging to coccolithophores would seem to be excellent candidates. These microalgae, in fact, are able to absorb CO2 and use it both for the production of biomass and for the production of CaCO3, which constitutes the theca with which they are covered. In this thesis the work of data collection and processing related to multiple strains of Crysotila is presented, but particular attention is paid to the Crysotila carterae strain, which has demonstrated a greater adaptability to stressful cultivation conditions at an industrial level. Through the data collected with special detection instruments, balances were made to evaluate the CO2 set, productivity, nitrogen consumption, photosynthetic yield and efficiency, in order to identify the best production conditions. In the study, a possible plant scheme was sized, determining flow rates and evaluating the calcium requirement. For the choice of the bioreactor, two alternatives were presented: the use of an open pond with natural light, paying attention to the problem of seasonality, or the use of a photobioreactor with flat panels with artificial light. From a quantitative analysis, it was noted the possible limitation of calcium present in seawater, an important element for the formation of the theca. For this reason, possible sources of calcium at an industrial level were first investigated, and then possible applications for biomass (biofuels, lipids, oils) and for the coccoliths produced, which are used in innovative sectors, such as nanotechnology and biomedicine, were investigated. In conclusion, the growth, adaptability and productivity characteristics of coccolithophores, in particular Crysotila carterae, make them valuable and promising resources for the development of sustainable CO2 biomitigation technologies. In addition, the integration between CO2 sequestration, biofuel production and valorisation of industrial by-products represents a concrete opportunity to overcome economic barriers and encourage the large-scale adoption of these innovative solutions.
I crescenti livelli di anidride carbonica, con conseguenti problemi ambientali, hanno portato ad indagare nuovi metodi per il sequestro di CO2 e, tra le soluzioni biologiche, i microorganismi marini appartenenti ai coccolitofori sembrerebbero essere degli ottimi candidati. Queste microalghe, infatti, sono in grado di assorbire la CO2 e utilizzarla sia per la produzione di biomassa sia per quella di CaCO3, che costituisce la teca di cui sono ricoperti. In questa tesi viene presentato il lavoro di raccolta ed elaborazione dati relativi a più ceppi di Crysotila, ma particolare attenzione viene volta al ceppo Crysotila carterae, che ha dimostrato una maggiore adattabilità alle condizioni stressanti di coltura a livello industriale. Attraverso i dati raccolti con appositi strumenti di rilevazione, si sono fatti dei bilanci per valutare la CO2 fissata, la produttività, il consumo di azoto, resa ed efficienza fotosintetica, al fine di individuare le migliori condizioni di produzione. Nello studio si è dimensionato un possibile schema di impianto, determinando portate e valutando il fabbisogno di calcio. Per la scelta del bioreattore si sono presentate due alternative: l’utilizzo di un open pond a luce naturale, prestando attenzione al problema della stagionalità, oppure l’utilizzo di un fotobioreattore con flat panels a luce artificiale. Da un’analisi quantitativa, si è notata la possibile limitazione di calcio presente nell’acqua di mare, elemento importante per la formazione della teca. Per questo motivo, si sono dapprima indagate le possibili fonti di calcio a livello industriale, e poi ricercate delle possibili applicazioni per la biomassa (biocarburanti, lipidi, oli) e per i coccoliti prodotti, che trovano impiego in innovativi settori, come quello delle nanotecnologie e della biomedicina. In conclusione, le caratteristiche di crescita, adattabilità e produttività dei coccolitofori, in particolare Crysotila carterae, fanno sì che questi siano risorse preziose e promettenti per lo sviluppo di tecnologie sostenibili di biomitigazione della CO2. Inoltre, l’integrazione tra sequestro di CO2, produzione di biocarburanti e valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti industriali rappresenta un’opportunità concreta per superare le barriere economiche e favorire l’adozione su larga scala di queste soluzioni innovative.
Coltivazione industriale di coccolitofori per l'assorbimento di CO2: analisi quantitativa del processo e studio delle possibili applicazioni della biomassa
CAPOBIANCO, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide, with consequent environmental problems, have led to the investigation of new methods for CO2 sequestration and, among biological solutions, marine microorganisms belonging to coccolithophores would seem to be excellent candidates. These microalgae, in fact, are able to absorb CO2 and use it both for the production of biomass and for the production of CaCO3, which constitutes the theca with which they are covered. In this thesis the work of data collection and processing related to multiple strains of Crysotila is presented, but particular attention is paid to the Crysotila carterae strain, which has demonstrated a greater adaptability to stressful cultivation conditions at an industrial level. Through the data collected with special detection instruments, balances were made to evaluate the CO2 set, productivity, nitrogen consumption, photosynthetic yield and efficiency, in order to identify the best production conditions. In the study, a possible plant scheme was sized, determining flow rates and evaluating the calcium requirement. For the choice of the bioreactor, two alternatives were presented: the use of an open pond with natural light, paying attention to the problem of seasonality, or the use of a photobioreactor with flat panels with artificial light. From a quantitative analysis, it was noted the possible limitation of calcium present in seawater, an important element for the formation of the theca. For this reason, possible sources of calcium at an industrial level were first investigated, and then possible applications for biomass (biofuels, lipids, oils) and for the coccoliths produced, which are used in innovative sectors, such as nanotechnology and biomedicine, were investigated. In conclusion, the growth, adaptability and productivity characteristics of coccolithophores, in particular Crysotila carterae, make them valuable and promising resources for the development of sustainable CO2 biomitigation technologies. In addition, the integration between CO2 sequestration, biofuel production and valorisation of industrial by-products represents a concrete opportunity to overcome economic barriers and encourage the large-scale adoption of these innovative solutions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/82897