BACKGROUND Hospital falls are “adverse events”, meaning healthcare related unexpected events: they can cause physical and/or psychological harm to the patient, result in a loss of trust in healthcare, and lead to an increased use of healthcare resources. It is important to monitor the phenomenon of hospital falls in order to find issues in their management and prevention, to plan improvement actions accordingly. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is explore the topic of hospital falls in Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, by monitoring such events in 2024 and in the previous three years from various perspectives, including Indicators outlined by Azienda Zero. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included patients who fell in the four year period from 2021 to 2024 in AOPD. The fall data were obtained from the Schede di Segnalazione delle Cadute received by the UO Rischio Clinico in those years. The data regarding the number of admissions and the number of hospital days were provided by Servizio CEDS (Centro Elaborazione Data Set/Controllo di Gestione). The first part of the study describes hospital falls that happened in AOPD in 2024, in order to compare their characteristics to those of the previous three years and with the literature, including aspects not yet explored in previous Reports, namely the time of the fall and the contributing factors to the event according to the judgment of the reporting healthcare professional Finally, for the falls from 2021 to 2024, specific Indicators outlined by Azienda Zero were calculated, to assess fall rates and the adherence of healthcare professionals to the prevention protocols. RESULTS In 2024 there were 574 hospital falls in AOPD, resulting in a rate of 1.23 falls per 1000 patient days; male patients over the age of 65 were the patient category with the highest number of falls. 18% of falls resulted in some kind of injury, and all falls required further assessments. More than 90% of falls happened in the patients room or in the toilet; 39% of patients fell from a standing position, and 37% fell from the bed. Five peaks were found by analyzing the time of fall: the two major peaks were at night, at 11 p.m. and at 2 a.m., and three minor peaks were found to be at 6 a.m., at 11-12 a.m., and at 7 p.m.; these last three seem to coincide with the time of the shift change of the nursing staff. The factor most frequently cited as contributing to falls in the four year period was inappropriate footwear, cited in 16% of falls. The percentage of patients who fell multiple times has progressively decreased over the years, going from 11.3% in 2021 to 7.6% in 2024. The percentage of completed fall prevention forms has increased over the years, going from under 50% in 2021 to about 70% in 2024. CONCLUSION The characteristics of hospital falls in 2024 are in line with those described in previous years. In light of the findings regarding the timing and contributing factors of the falls, it may be useful to raise awareness among healthcare staff regarding these findings. Comparing the data on the rate of falls and the resulting injuries with the literature, the situation at AOPD seems quite positive, despite the fact that adherence to prevention protocols is not yet optimal.
INTRODUZIONE La caduta di un paziente in una struttura sanitaria è un evento avverso, ossia un evento inatteso correlato al processo assistenziale: esso può causare danni all’assistito, fisici e/o psicologici, comportare perdita di fiducia nei confronti del servizio sanitario, e determinare un aumento dell’impiego di risorse. È importante monitorare il fenomeno delle cadute ospedaliere per individuare criticità nella loro gestione e prevenzione, per pianificare azioni di miglioramento. SCOPO DELLO STUDIO L’obbiettivo di questo studio è approfondire il tema delle cadute dei pazienti nell’Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, effettuando un monitoraggio di tali eventi nel 2024 e nei 3 anni precedenti sotto vari aspetti, tra cui gli Indicatori di Esito e di Processo previsti dall’Azienda Zero. MATERIALI E METODI I pazienti inclusi nello studio sono stati i pazienti caduti dal 2021 al 2024 nell’AOPD. I dati delle cadute sono stati ricavati dalle Schede di Segnalazione delle Cadute pervenute all’UO Rischio Clinico. I dati sul numero di ricoveri e le giornate di degenza sono state fornite dal Servizio CEDS (Centro Elaborazione Data Set/Controllo di Gestione). La prima parte dello studio descrive le cadute avvenute nell’AOPD nel 2024, per confrontarne le caratteristiche con quelle dei tre anni precedenti e con la letteratura, anche in aspetti non ancora analizzati dai Report precedenti, quali l’orario di avvenimento e i fattori contribuenti al verificarsi di tale evento secondo il giudizio del personale sanitario segnalante. Successivamente, per le cadute dal 2021 al 2024 sono stati calcolati degli appositi Indicatori delineati dall’Azienda Zero, volti a verificare l’incidenza delle cadute e l’aderenza da parte del personale sanitario alle misure di prevenzione. RISULTATI Nell’AOPD nel 2024 si sono verificate 574 cadute, per un’incidenza di 1.23 cadute su 1000 giorni di degenza; i pazienti uomini di età superiore ai 65 anni sono la categoria di pazienti più caduti. Il 18% delle cadute ha comportato un danno più o meno grave al paziente, e tutte le cadute hanno richiesto accertamenti di varia natura. Più del 90% delle cadute si è verificata nella stanza di degenza o nel bagno; il 39% dei pazienti è caduto dalla posizione eretta, il 37% dal letto. Analizzando l’orario delle cadute del quadriennio 21-24 sono stati individuati 5 picchi di cadute: due maggiori, notturni, alle 23 e alle 2, e tre minori, alle 6, alle 11-12, e alle 19; questi ultimi 3 coincidono con gli orari di cambio di turno del personale infermieristico. Il fattore citato più spesso come contribuente alle cadute nel quadriennio è stata l’inadeguatezza delle calzature, presente nel 16% delle cadute. La percentuale di soggetti caduti più volte è diminuita progressivamente negli anni, passando dall’11.3% nel 2021 al 7.6% nel 2024. La percentuale di compilazione delle schede di prevenzione delle cadute è salita negli anni, passando da valori inferiori al 50% nel 2021 a valori attorno al 70% nel 2024. CONCLUSIONI Le caratteristiche delle cadute del 2024 sono in linea con quelle descritte negli anni precedenti. Alla luce dei rilevamenti di orario e fattori contribuenti delle cadute, può essere utile sensibilizzare il personale sanitario a riguardo. Confrontando i dati dell’incidenza delle cadute e dei danni conseguenti con la letteratura, la situazione dell’AOPD sembra piuttosto positiva, nonostante l’aderenza alle procedure di prevenzione non sia ancora ottimale.
Il fenomeno delle cadute in ambiente ospedaliero: identificazione del rischio e analisi delle misure di prevenzione
DAL PONTE, ELIA
2024/2025
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital falls are “adverse events”, meaning healthcare related unexpected events: they can cause physical and/or psychological harm to the patient, result in a loss of trust in healthcare, and lead to an increased use of healthcare resources. It is important to monitor the phenomenon of hospital falls in order to find issues in their management and prevention, to plan improvement actions accordingly. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is explore the topic of hospital falls in Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, by monitoring such events in 2024 and in the previous three years from various perspectives, including Indicators outlined by Azienda Zero. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included patients who fell in the four year period from 2021 to 2024 in AOPD. The fall data were obtained from the Schede di Segnalazione delle Cadute received by the UO Rischio Clinico in those years. The data regarding the number of admissions and the number of hospital days were provided by Servizio CEDS (Centro Elaborazione Data Set/Controllo di Gestione). The first part of the study describes hospital falls that happened in AOPD in 2024, in order to compare their characteristics to those of the previous three years and with the literature, including aspects not yet explored in previous Reports, namely the time of the fall and the contributing factors to the event according to the judgment of the reporting healthcare professional Finally, for the falls from 2021 to 2024, specific Indicators outlined by Azienda Zero were calculated, to assess fall rates and the adherence of healthcare professionals to the prevention protocols. RESULTS In 2024 there were 574 hospital falls in AOPD, resulting in a rate of 1.23 falls per 1000 patient days; male patients over the age of 65 were the patient category with the highest number of falls. 18% of falls resulted in some kind of injury, and all falls required further assessments. More than 90% of falls happened in the patients room or in the toilet; 39% of patients fell from a standing position, and 37% fell from the bed. Five peaks were found by analyzing the time of fall: the two major peaks were at night, at 11 p.m. and at 2 a.m., and three minor peaks were found to be at 6 a.m., at 11-12 a.m., and at 7 p.m.; these last three seem to coincide with the time of the shift change of the nursing staff. The factor most frequently cited as contributing to falls in the four year period was inappropriate footwear, cited in 16% of falls. The percentage of patients who fell multiple times has progressively decreased over the years, going from 11.3% in 2021 to 7.6% in 2024. The percentage of completed fall prevention forms has increased over the years, going from under 50% in 2021 to about 70% in 2024. CONCLUSION The characteristics of hospital falls in 2024 are in line with those described in previous years. In light of the findings regarding the timing and contributing factors of the falls, it may be useful to raise awareness among healthcare staff regarding these findings. Comparing the data on the rate of falls and the resulting injuries with the literature, the situation at AOPD seems quite positive, despite the fact that adherence to prevention protocols is not yet optimal.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/83011