Looking at the history of education and the history of pedagogy, it is undeniable that there is a constant interaction between the educational and pedagogical spheres, especially in the consideration of the binomials autonomy-heteronomy, freedom-discipline, education-education, educational institutions and schools. While undeniable, this interaction has not always been accepted in a peaceful manner, passing through forms of pedagogical exclusivism in which only one of the terms of these binomials has been exalted, cultivated and legitimised. Sometimes pedagogy has neglected the importance of a real knowledge of the concreteness of educational relationships and institutions; on the other hand, it has always conducted a polemic against educational methods that are considered crude, antiquated, violent. That between pedagogy and educational practices thus takes the form of an ‘undermined interaction’. The often detectable distance between pedagogical doctrines and the actual conditions of educational life reminds us that the claim to know the educational situation of a country - or of an era - through knowledge alone of the works of the theories and pedagogues that have traversed and interpreted it represents a historiographical error. Considering the validity - theoretical and ideal - of the principles underlying the freedom-authority-education dynamic, the intent of this work, starting from the consideration of the historical and social reality in which the scholastic institution was born and established itself in our country, will be to investigate the stages and methods through which the figure of the teacher as representative of educational authority has been affirmed, historically and institutionally.
Guardando alla storia dell’educazione e alla storia della pedagogia, è innegabile la presenza di una costante interazione tra l’ambito educativo e quello pedagogico, specialmente nella considerazione dei binomi autonomia-eteronomia, libertà-disciplina, istruzione-educazione, istituzioni educative e scolastiche . Pur innegabile, tale interazione non è stata accolta sempre in modo pacifico, passando da forme di esclusivismo pedagogico in cui uno solo dei termini di tali binomi è stato esaltato, coltivato e legittimato.Talvolta la pedagogia ha trascurato l’importanza di una reale conoscenza della concretezza dei rapporti educativi e delle istituzioni; d’altra parte, essa ha da sempre condotto una polemica nei confronti di metodi educativi considerati gretti, antiquati, violenti. Quella tra pedagogia e prassi educative assume così la forma di una «interazione insidiata» : la lontananza spesso rilevabile tra dottrine pedagogiche e condizioni reali della vita educativa ci ricorda che la pretesa di conoscere la situazione educativa di un paese – o di un’epoca – attraverso la sola conoscenza delle opere delle teorie e dei pedagogisti che l’hanno attraversata ed interpretata rappresenta un errore storiografico. Considerando impregiudicata la validità – teorica ed ideale – dei principi sottostanti la dinamica libertà-autorità-educazione, intento di questo lavoro, a partire dalla considerazione della realtà storica e sociale in cui l’istituzione scolastica è nata e si è affermata nel nostro paese, sarà quello di indagare le tappe e le modalità attraverso le quali si è andata affermando, storicamente ed istituzionalmente, la figura del docente quale rappresentante dell’autorità educativa.
L'autorità del docente nella pedagogia e nella scuola del Novecento
ACOSTA BURGUEZ, MOIRA
2024/2025
Abstract
Looking at the history of education and the history of pedagogy, it is undeniable that there is a constant interaction between the educational and pedagogical spheres, especially in the consideration of the binomials autonomy-heteronomy, freedom-discipline, education-education, educational institutions and schools. While undeniable, this interaction has not always been accepted in a peaceful manner, passing through forms of pedagogical exclusivism in which only one of the terms of these binomials has been exalted, cultivated and legitimised. Sometimes pedagogy has neglected the importance of a real knowledge of the concreteness of educational relationships and institutions; on the other hand, it has always conducted a polemic against educational methods that are considered crude, antiquated, violent. That between pedagogy and educational practices thus takes the form of an ‘undermined interaction’. The often detectable distance between pedagogical doctrines and the actual conditions of educational life reminds us that the claim to know the educational situation of a country - or of an era - through knowledge alone of the works of the theories and pedagogues that have traversed and interpreted it represents a historiographical error. Considering the validity - theoretical and ideal - of the principles underlying the freedom-authority-education dynamic, the intent of this work, starting from the consideration of the historical and social reality in which the scholastic institution was born and established itself in our country, will be to investigate the stages and methods through which the figure of the teacher as representative of educational authority has been affirmed, historically and institutionally.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/83641