The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most controversial and enduring conflicts of the 20th century, continuing to this day. Several attempts were made by Heads of State and international organizations to resolve the conflict, but they led to uncertain and short-lived results. In this context, international mediation should have represented an effective tool for reaching an agreement between the conflicting parties, thanks to its ability to facilitate consensual and lasting accords. In the mediation process, the role of the mediator is crucial: an impartial external actor who facilitates dialogue between the parties without imposing decisions. This approach aims to ensure balanced and sustainable agreements based on cooperation and mutual respect. However, despite numerous international mediation efforts, many conflicts—including the one under analysis—remain unresolved or lead to temporary and fragile solutions. The first chapter provides a historical overview of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, from the emergence of political Zionism to the establishment of the Jewish State, up to the Oslo Accords and the present day. The second chapter examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the mediation process, identifying the key actors, the factors that contribute to its success, and those that lead to failure. The third chapter analyzes the predominant role of the United States as a mediator in the peace process, its proclaimed neutrality during negotiations, and the limitations of its influence. Finally, the fourth and last chapter examines both individual and multilateral mediation efforts, particularly Norway’s role in the Oslo Accords and the International Quartet’s involvement through the Roadmap for Peace. It also briefly addresses the indirect influence of the United Nations and concludes with a comprehensive analysis of the negotiations within the framework of Multitrack Diplomacy.
Il conflitto israelo-palestinese rappresenta uno dei conflitti più controversi e duraturi del XX secolo che prosegue ancora oggi. Diversi furono i tentativi di risoluzione del conflitto da parte di Capi di Stato e organizzazioni internazionali che hanno portato però a risultati incerti ed effimeri. In questo contesto, la mediazione internazionale avrebbe dovuto rappresentare un valido strumento per il raggiungimento di un accordo fra le parti in conflitto grazie alla sua capacità di facilitare accordi consensuali e duraturi. Nel processo di mediazione infatti è fondamentale il ruolo del mediatore, un attore esterno imparziale che facilita il dialogo tra le parti senza imporre decisioni. Questo approccio avrebbe come scopo quello di garantire accordi bilanciati e sostenibili, basati sulla cooperazione e sul rispetto reciproco. Tuttavia, nonostante i numerosi tentativi di mediazione in ambito internazionale, molti conflitti, come quello oggetto di analisi, rimangono irrisolti o portano a soluzioni temporanee e fragili. Il primo capitolo offre una panoramica storica sul conflitto israelo-palestinese, dalla nascita del sionismo politico a quella dello Stato ebraico, fino agli Accordi di Oslo e infine i giorni nostri. Il secondo capitolo invece analizza gli aspetti teorici e pratici che caratterizzano il processo di mediazione, quali sono gli attori e quali sono i fattori di successo e quali quelli di fallimento. Il terzo capitolo analizza il ruolo predominante degli Stati Uniti come mediatori nel processo di pace, la loro proclamata neutralità durante i negoziati e i limiti della loro influenza. Infine, il quarto ed ultimo capitolo analizza la mediazione individuale e multilaterale attuata durante gli Accordi di Oslo dalla Norvegia e dal Quartetto Internazionale con la Roadmap for Peace; quindi un breve accenno sull'influenza indiretta dell'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite, e, a concludere, un’analisi complessiva dei negoziati nel quadro della Multitrack Diplomacy.
Il ruolo della mediazione internazionale nel processo di pace israelo-palestinese: un'analisi critica
CAVAZZUTI, AGNESE
2024/2025
Abstract
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most controversial and enduring conflicts of the 20th century, continuing to this day. Several attempts were made by Heads of State and international organizations to resolve the conflict, but they led to uncertain and short-lived results. In this context, international mediation should have represented an effective tool for reaching an agreement between the conflicting parties, thanks to its ability to facilitate consensual and lasting accords. In the mediation process, the role of the mediator is crucial: an impartial external actor who facilitates dialogue between the parties without imposing decisions. This approach aims to ensure balanced and sustainable agreements based on cooperation and mutual respect. However, despite numerous international mediation efforts, many conflicts—including the one under analysis—remain unresolved or lead to temporary and fragile solutions. The first chapter provides a historical overview of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, from the emergence of political Zionism to the establishment of the Jewish State, up to the Oslo Accords and the present day. The second chapter examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the mediation process, identifying the key actors, the factors that contribute to its success, and those that lead to failure. The third chapter analyzes the predominant role of the United States as a mediator in the peace process, its proclaimed neutrality during negotiations, and the limitations of its influence. Finally, the fourth and last chapter examines both individual and multilateral mediation efforts, particularly Norway’s role in the Oslo Accords and the International Quartet’s involvement through the Roadmap for Peace. It also briefly addresses the indirect influence of the United Nations and concludes with a comprehensive analysis of the negotiations within the framework of Multitrack Diplomacy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/83897