United Nations peacekeeping missions were established with the aim of ensuring security and stability in conflict areas. However, instances of gender-based violence perpetrated by peacekeepers have undermined the credibility of these operations and raised questions about their effectiveness. This study examines the phenomenon from a historical and comparative perspective, analyzing the recurrence of abuses despite the introduction of increasingly stringent regulations. Through the analysis of emblematic missions such as UNPROFOR and MONUC, as well as more recent ones like MINUSCA and UNMISS, this research explores the structural difficulties in implementing prevention and response policies. A key aspect is the role of immunity granted to peacekeepers and the lack of accountability of member states, which often hinder justice for victims. The investigation highlights the contradictions between the UN's objectives and operational challenges, emphasizing the gap between formal measures and their actual implementation. The objective of this research is to assess whether and how the UN has effectively limited the phenomenon of abuse, identifying the main obstacles and proposing possible strategies to strengthen the protection of affected communities. This study underscores the need for substantial reforms and greater political will to ensure that peacekeeping serves as a genuine guarantee of security rather than an additional risk factor for vulnerable populations.
Le missioni di peacekeeping delle Nazioni Unite nascono con l’obiettivo di garantire la sicurezza e la stabilità nelle aree di conflitto. Tuttavia, episodi di violenza di genere perpetrati dai peacekeepers hanno minato la credibilità di queste operazioni e sollevato interrogativi sulla loro efficacia. Questo studio esamina il fenomeno attraverso una prospettiva storica e comparativa, analizzando il ripetersi degli abusi nonostante l’introduzione di normative sempre più stringenti. Attraverso l’analisi di missioni emblematiche, come UNPROFOR e MONUC, e più recenti come MINUSCA e UNMISS, il lavoro esplora le difficoltà strutturali nell’attuazione delle politiche di prevenzione e contrasto. Un aspetto chiave è il ruolo dell’immunità concessa ai peacekeepers e la scarsa accountability degli Stati membri, che spesso ostacolano la giustizia per le vittime. L’indagine mette in luce le contraddizioni tra gli intenti dell’ONU e le sfide operative, evidenziando il divario tra le misure formali e la loro applicazione concreta. L’obiettivo della ricerca è valutare se e in che modo l’ONU abbia realmente limitato il fenomeno degli abusi, individuando i principali ostacoli e proponendo possibili strategie per rafforzare la protezione delle comunità coinvolte. Il lavoro sottolinea la necessità di riforme incisive e di una maggiore volontà politica per garantire che il peacekeeping sia un’effettiva garanzia di sicurezza, piuttosto che un ulteriore fattore di rischio per le popolazioni vulnerabili.
Violenza di genere nelle missioni di peacekeeping dell'ONU: un'analisi tra passato e presente
CELESTINO, MARIKA
2024/2025
Abstract
United Nations peacekeeping missions were established with the aim of ensuring security and stability in conflict areas. However, instances of gender-based violence perpetrated by peacekeepers have undermined the credibility of these operations and raised questions about their effectiveness. This study examines the phenomenon from a historical and comparative perspective, analyzing the recurrence of abuses despite the introduction of increasingly stringent regulations. Through the analysis of emblematic missions such as UNPROFOR and MONUC, as well as more recent ones like MINUSCA and UNMISS, this research explores the structural difficulties in implementing prevention and response policies. A key aspect is the role of immunity granted to peacekeepers and the lack of accountability of member states, which often hinder justice for victims. The investigation highlights the contradictions between the UN's objectives and operational challenges, emphasizing the gap between formal measures and their actual implementation. The objective of this research is to assess whether and how the UN has effectively limited the phenomenon of abuse, identifying the main obstacles and proposing possible strategies to strengthen the protection of affected communities. This study underscores the need for substantial reforms and greater political will to ensure that peacekeeping serves as a genuine guarantee of security rather than an additional risk factor for vulnerable populations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/84022