This study analyzes minority protection policies in Kosovo, with a specific focus on the role of the international community in the pre- and post-independence periods. In the first chapter, the legal definition of "minority" and the international and European regulatory framework relating to the protection of their rights are examined. We analyze key instruments such as Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the work of the Human Rights Committee, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and the contribution of bodies such as the Working Group on Minorities. Particular attention is paid to the synergies between international and European standards, highlighting the evolution of international law on the protection of minorities. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Kosovo, analyzing the effectiveness of international initiatives in guaranteeing the security and rights of minorities during the period of UNMIK administration and the subsequent intervention of EULEX. The challenges faced in Kosovo's transition towards independence and the contribution of international missions to the strengthening of local institutions and inter-ethnic reconciliation are assessed. The third chapter explores the current relations between the different minorities in independent Kosovo, with an analysis of the policies of the European Union and the rule of law for the protection of minority rights. The progress made in building an inclusive society, the initiatives for the integration of minorities and the remaining critical issues are examined, providing a perspective on the future role of the EU in supporting Kosovo towards the full inclusion of its communities. The study aims to offer an overall assessment of the impact of international policies on the protection of minorities in Kosovo and of the challenges still to be faced for the consolidation of stability and inclusion.
Questo studio analizza le politiche di protezione delle minoranze in Kosovo, con un focus specifico sul ruolo della comunità internazionale nei periodi pre e post-indipendenza. Nel primo capitolo, viene esaminata la definizione giuridica di “minoranza” e il quadro normativo internazionale ed europeo relativo alla tutela dei loro diritti. Si analizzano strumenti chiave come l’articolo 27 del Patto internazionale sui diritti civili e politici, il lavoro del Comitato per i diritti umani, la Dichiarazione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti delle persone appartenenti a minoranze nazionali, etniche, religiose e linguistiche, e il contributo di organismi come il Gruppo di lavoro sulle minoranze. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata alle sinergie tra norme internazionali ed europee, evidenziando l’evoluzione del diritto internazionale sulla protezione delle minoranze. Il secondo capitolo si concentra sul caso specifico del Kosovo, analizzando l’efficacia delle iniziative internazionali nel garantire la sicurezza e i diritti delle minoranze durante il periodo di amministrazione UNMIK e il successivo intervento dell’EULEX. Si valutano le sfide affrontate nella transizione del Kosovo verso l’indipendenza e il contributo delle missioni internazionali al rafforzamento delle istituzioni locali e alla riconciliazione interetnica. Il terzo capitolo esplora i rapporti attuali tra le diverse minoranze nel Kosovo indipendente, con un’analisi delle politiche dell’Unione Europea e dello stato di diritto per la tutela dei diritti delle minoranze. Vengono esaminati i progressi compiuti nella costruzione di una società inclusiva, le iniziative per l’integrazione delle minoranze e le criticità ancora presenti, fornendo una prospettiva sul ruolo futuro dell’UE nel supportare il Kosovo verso una piena inclusione delle sue comunità. Lo studio si propone di offrire una valutazione complessiva dell’impatto delle politiche internazionali sulla protezione delle minoranze in Kosovo e delle sfide ancora da affrontare per il consolidamento della stabilità e dell’inclusione.
LA COMUNITA INTERNAZIONALE IN KOSOVO: UN’ANALISI DELLE POLITICHE DI PROTEZIONE DELLE MINORANZE NEL PERIODO PRE E POST-INDIPENDENZA
HOXHA, MIRLINDE
2024/2025
Abstract
This study analyzes minority protection policies in Kosovo, with a specific focus on the role of the international community in the pre- and post-independence periods. In the first chapter, the legal definition of "minority" and the international and European regulatory framework relating to the protection of their rights are examined. We analyze key instruments such as Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the work of the Human Rights Committee, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National, Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and the contribution of bodies such as the Working Group on Minorities. Particular attention is paid to the synergies between international and European standards, highlighting the evolution of international law on the protection of minorities. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Kosovo, analyzing the effectiveness of international initiatives in guaranteeing the security and rights of minorities during the period of UNMIK administration and the subsequent intervention of EULEX. The challenges faced in Kosovo's transition towards independence and the contribution of international missions to the strengthening of local institutions and inter-ethnic reconciliation are assessed. The third chapter explores the current relations between the different minorities in independent Kosovo, with an analysis of the policies of the European Union and the rule of law for the protection of minority rights. The progress made in building an inclusive society, the initiatives for the integration of minorities and the remaining critical issues are examined, providing a perspective on the future role of the EU in supporting Kosovo towards the full inclusion of its communities. The study aims to offer an overall assessment of the impact of international policies on the protection of minorities in Kosovo and of the challenges still to be faced for the consolidation of stability and inclusion.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/84037