Brown dwarfs are celestial bodies with masses between those of giant planets and low-mass stars. They therefore represent an intermediate category of objects that acts as a link between stars and planets. Understanding their formation, structure and evolution is fundamental to various aspects of astrophysics, including the atmospheric chemical and physical processes of exoplanets, as well as planetary, stellar and galactic formation and evolution. Recent technological advances, such as space telescopes and surveys in the optical and infrared fields, have made it possible to observe and characterize an ever-increasing number of brown dwarfs. At the same time, theoretical models have been refined to integrate this new information. However, there are still significant discrepancies between observations and theoretical predictions of fundamental quantities such as luminosity, radius, temperature, mass, age. One of the fundamental ingredients for describing the processes that take place in the interiors of these objects and which determine their observable properties is the equation of state (EOS) which relates pressure, temperature and density. However, modeling the EOS in brown dwarfs is complicated by numerous processes such as the transition of hydrogen from a molecular state to a metallic state, by the occurrence of non-ideal effects, such as the Coulomb interaction which becomes important and competes with degeneracy pressure. This thesis aims to investigate the role of the equation of state (EOS) in the models of structure and evolution of brown dwarfs, analyzing with particular attention the recent theoretical developments that have led to an improvement in our understanding of these objects.
Le nane brune sono corpi celesti con masse comprese tra quelle dei pianeti giganti e delle stelle di piccola massa. Rappresentano quindi una categoria intermedia di oggetti che fa da collegamento tra stelle e pianeti. La comprensione della loro formazione, struttura ed evoluzione è fondamentale per vari aspetti dell'astrofisica, inclusi i processi chimici e fisici atmosferici degli esopianeti, nonché la formazione e l'evoluzione planetaria, stellare e galattica. I recenti progressi tecnologici, come i telescopi spaziali e le survey nel campo ottico e infrarosso, hanno permesso di osservare e caratterizzare un numero sempre crescente di nane brune. Contestualmente, i modelli teorici sono stati affinati per integrare queste nuove informazioni. Tuttavia, sono ancora presenti discrepanze significative tra osservazioni e predizioni teoriche di quantità fondamentali come luminosità, raggio, temperatura, massa, età. Uno degli ingredienti fondamentali per descrivere i processi che avvengono negli interni di questi oggetti e che ne determinano le proprietà osservabili è l’equazione di stato (EOS) che mette in relazione pressione, temperatura e densità. La modellizzazione dell’EOS nelle nane brune viene però complicata da numerosi processi come la transizione dell’idrogeno da stato molecolare a stato metallico, dal verificarsi di effetti non ideali, come l’interazione di Coulomb che diventa importante e che va a competere con la pressione di degenerazione. Questa tesi si propone di approfondire il ruolo dell’equazione di stato (EOS) nei modelli di struttura ed evoluzione delle nane brune, analizzando con particolare attenzione i recenti sviluppi teorici che hanno portato ad un miglioramento della nostra comprensione di questi oggetti.
Il ruolo dell'equazione di stato nei modelli di struttura ed evoluzione delle nane brune
CASAGRANDE, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Brown dwarfs are celestial bodies with masses between those of giant planets and low-mass stars. They therefore represent an intermediate category of objects that acts as a link between stars and planets. Understanding their formation, structure and evolution is fundamental to various aspects of astrophysics, including the atmospheric chemical and physical processes of exoplanets, as well as planetary, stellar and galactic formation and evolution. Recent technological advances, such as space telescopes and surveys in the optical and infrared fields, have made it possible to observe and characterize an ever-increasing number of brown dwarfs. At the same time, theoretical models have been refined to integrate this new information. However, there are still significant discrepancies between observations and theoretical predictions of fundamental quantities such as luminosity, radius, temperature, mass, age. One of the fundamental ingredients for describing the processes that take place in the interiors of these objects and which determine their observable properties is the equation of state (EOS) which relates pressure, temperature and density. However, modeling the EOS in brown dwarfs is complicated by numerous processes such as the transition of hydrogen from a molecular state to a metallic state, by the occurrence of non-ideal effects, such as the Coulomb interaction which becomes important and competes with degeneracy pressure. This thesis aims to investigate the role of the equation of state (EOS) in the models of structure and evolution of brown dwarfs, analyzing with particular attention the recent theoretical developments that have led to an improvement in our understanding of these objects.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/84307