This thesis aims to study, characterize, and thoroughly analyze the behavior of sensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) with graphene acetic acid (GAA) conductive channel. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate their application in the detection and subsequent catalysis of urea, a pollutant waste substance that is harmful to the environment. In the first phase, the device and its structure are presented, with particular attention to its peculiar ambipolar behavior, a distinctive feature of FETs based on two-dimensional materials such as graphene. Subsequently, the fabrication process of the sensor is illustrated, describing the techniques and protocols used for its realization. A mathematical model is then introduced to interpret its behaviour, providing a solid theoretical foundation for analyzing its electrical properties. Next, the research focuses on the characterization of the device, illustrating the experimental methods used to measure its electrical response and to extract the key parameters that compose the mathematical model. Particular attention is given to the study of the resistive and capacitive components that characterize the behaviour of the sensor. Additionally, its operational stability is evaluated through experiments that expose the device to various electrical stress conditions. Finally, the process of converting the FET sensor into a biosensor capable of catalyzing urea is illustrated. The ability of the device to act on the target substance is analyzed, providing experimental data to support the potential of the sensor in this field. The analysis conducted in this research aims to contribute to the understanding of the behavior of sensors based on graphene derivatives and their integration into detection systems, presenting a new and promising approach that could be applied to chemical and biological monitoring technologies. The entire research activity was carried out at the Biodevices laboratory, affiliated with the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Padua, in collaboration with the Department of Chemical Sciences of the same institution.
Con la presente tesi si intende studiare, caratterizzare e analizzare in modo approfondito il comportamento di sensori basati su transistor ad effetto di campo (FET) con canale conduttivo a grafene aceto acido (GAA); inoltre, si vuole valutare la loro potenziale applicazione nella rilevazione e nella successiva catalisi dell’urea, una sostanza di scarto inquinante e dannosa per l’ambiente. In una prima fase, viene presentato il dispositivo e la sua struttura, con particolare attenzione al suo peculiare comportamento ambipolare, caratteristica distintiva dei FET basati su materiali bidimensionali come il grafene. Successivamente, viene illustrato il processo di fabbricazione del sensore, descrivendo le tecniche e i protocolli utilizzati per la sua realizzazione; si introduce poi un modello matematico che consente di interpretarne il funzionamento, fornendo una base teorica solida per l’analisi delle sue proprietà elettriche. Successivamente, la ricerca si focalizza sulla caratterizzazione del dispositivo, illustrando i metodi sperimentali impiegati per la misurazione della sua risposta elettrica e per l’estrapolazione dei parametri chiave che compongono il modello matematico. Particolare attenzione viene riservata allo studio delle componenti resistive e capacitive che caratterizzano il comportamento del sensore durante il suo funzionamento; viene valutata inoltre la sua stabilità operativa tramite esperimenti che pongono il dispositivo in diverse condizioni di stress elettrico. Infine, si illustra il processo di conversione del sensore FET in un biosensore in grado di effettuare la catalisi dell’urea. Viene analizzata la capacità del dispositivo di agire sulla sostanza target, fornendo dati sperimentali a supporto delle potenzialità che il sensore mostra in questo ambito. L’analisi condotta in questa ricerca si propone di fornire un contributo alla comprensione del comportamento dei sensori basati su derivati del grafene e alla loro integrazione in sistemi di rilevazione, presentando una nuova e promettente proposta applicabile a tecnologie di monitoraggio chimico e biologico. L’intera attività di ricerca è stata condotta presso il laboratorio di Biodevices, afferente al Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione dell’Università degli Studi di Padova, in collaborazione con il Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche dell’Ateneo.
Studio, sviluppo e caratterizzazione di sensori FET con canale a Grafene Aceto Acido per la rilevazione di urea
PRADETTO BATTEL, LUDOVICA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to study, characterize, and thoroughly analyze the behavior of sensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) with graphene acetic acid (GAA) conductive channel. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate their application in the detection and subsequent catalysis of urea, a pollutant waste substance that is harmful to the environment. In the first phase, the device and its structure are presented, with particular attention to its peculiar ambipolar behavior, a distinctive feature of FETs based on two-dimensional materials such as graphene. Subsequently, the fabrication process of the sensor is illustrated, describing the techniques and protocols used for its realization. A mathematical model is then introduced to interpret its behaviour, providing a solid theoretical foundation for analyzing its electrical properties. Next, the research focuses on the characterization of the device, illustrating the experimental methods used to measure its electrical response and to extract the key parameters that compose the mathematical model. Particular attention is given to the study of the resistive and capacitive components that characterize the behaviour of the sensor. Additionally, its operational stability is evaluated through experiments that expose the device to various electrical stress conditions. Finally, the process of converting the FET sensor into a biosensor capable of catalyzing urea is illustrated. The ability of the device to act on the target substance is analyzed, providing experimental data to support the potential of the sensor in this field. The analysis conducted in this research aims to contribute to the understanding of the behavior of sensors based on graphene derivatives and their integration into detection systems, presenting a new and promising approach that could be applied to chemical and biological monitoring technologies. The entire research activity was carried out at the Biodevices laboratory, affiliated with the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Padua, in collaboration with the Department of Chemical Sciences of the same institution.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/84367