Emotions play a crucial role in our daily lives, constantly influencing our decisions, responses to external stimuli and social interactions. In particular, knowing how to manage emotions is essential for successfully dealing with social dynamics, where countless affective stimuli are present, some of which may be irrelevant or conflicting. In this context, cognitive control, and specifically the control of interference, becomes a key competence. This type of control relates to the ability to effectively manage and resolve conflicts that arise from the interference of irrelevant or distracting stimuli in order to implement the appropriate response. Traditionally, control of emotional interference has been assessed through the Affective Stroop face-word task, where participants are asked to classify a facial expression while ignoring a superimposed word that may be congruent or incongruent. In general, it is observed that incongruent stimuli slow down response times. This effect appears to be robust and widely used. However, most studies focus on facial expressions. However, it is important to highlight how emotions are also conveyed through the body, which plays a crucial role in affective communication. Bodily expressions are of great importance as they become a key element when facial information is not fully accessible. Furthermore, their correct decoding allows for an immediate response, avoiding the need to approach the other person face to face. Currently, there are still no studies in the scientific literature that have employed bodily emotions in an affective Stroop task. Therefore, a first aim of the present study is to explore how individuals handle the interference produced by bodily affective stimuli. In particular, it is proposed to investigate the possibility that the affective Stroop effect can emerge even when participants are asked to identify and categorize the emotion conveyed by the body posture, ignoring the superimposed word. . In addition, the present study aims to explore the role of certain factors that might be able to influence this ability, with a focus on interoceptive abilities (that is, the individual’s ability to perceive changes occurring within their own body in response to specific affective or cognitive states). The thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter will focus on the concept of cognitive control, providing an overview of the different existing theoretical models. The second chapter will instead focus on the interference component, analysing the relationship between the affective and cognitive spheres, with reference to conflict management. The third chapter will instead focus on the more internal dimension, providing an overview of the ways in which the body perceives and processes emotional states. In particular, the themes of enteroception and body maps of emotions will be introduced. The fourth chapter will analyse the research conducted, while the fifth will offer the final discussion of the results obtained.
Le emozioni ricoprono un ruolo cruciale nella nostra vita quotidiana, influenzando costantemente le nostre decisioni, le risposte agli stimoli esterni e le interazioni sociali. In particolare, saper gestire le emozioni è essenziale per affrontare con successo le dinamiche sociali, dove sono presenti innumerevoli stimoli affettivi, alcuni dei quali possono rivelarsi irrilevanti o contrastanti. In questo contesto, il controllo cognitivo, e in particolare il controllo dell’interferenza, diventa una competenza fondamentale. Questo tipo di controllo riguarda la capacità di gestire e risolvere efficacemente i conflitti che emergono dall’interferenza di stimoli irrilevanti o distraenti, al fine di mettere in atto la risposta appropriata. Tradizionalmente il controllo dell’interferenza emotiva è stato valutato attraverso il compito di Stroop affettivo faccia-parola, dove viene chiesto ai partecipanti di classificare un’espressione facciale, ignorando una parola sovraimposta che può essere congruente o incongruente. In generale, si osserva che gli stimoli incongruenti rallentano i tempi di risposta. Tale effetto risulta essere robusto e ampiamente utilizzato. La maggior parte degli studi concentra però l’attenzione sulle espressioni facciali. Tuttavia, è importante evidenziare come le emozioni vengano veicolate anche attraverso il corpo, che gioca un ruolo cruciale nella comunicazione affettiva. Le espressioni corporee risultano infatti di estrema importanza poiché costituiscono un elemento cruciale nel momento in cui le informazioni facciali non sono completamente accessibili. Inoltre, la loro corretta decodifica permette una risposta immediata, evitando la necessità di avvicinarsi all’altra persona faccia a faccia. Attualmente, nella letteratura scientifica non sono ancora presenti studi che abbiano impiegato emozioni corporee in un compito di Stroop affettivo. Pertanto, un primo obiettivo del presente studio è quello di esplorare come gli individui gestiscono l’interferenza prodotta da stimoli affettivi corporei. In particolare, si propone di indagare la possibilità che l’effetto Stroop affettivo possa emergere anche quando ai partecipanti viene chiesto di identificare e categorizzare l’emozione veicolata dalla postura del corpo, ignorando la parola sovraimposta. Inoltre, il presente studio si pone l’obiettivo di esplorare il ruolo di alcuni fattori che potrebbero essere in grado di influenzare tale abilità, con particolare attenzione rispetto alle abilità enterocettive (ovvero l’abilità dell’individuo di percepire i cambiamenti che avvengono all’interno del proprio corpo in risposta a determinati stati affettivi o cognitivi). La tesi è strutturata in cinque capitoli. Il primo capitolo si concentrerà sul concetto di controllo cognitivo, fornendo una panoramica rispetto ai diversi modelli teorici esistenti. Il secondo capitolo verterà invece sulla componente dell’interferenza, analizzando la relazione che sussiste tra la sfera affettiva e quella cognitiva, con riferimento alla gestione del conflitto. Nel terzo capitolo si lascerà invece spazio alla dimensione più interna, fornendo una panoramica rispetto alle modalità con cui il corpo percepisce ed elabora gli stati emotivi. In particolare, verranno introdotti i temi dell’enterocezione e delle mappe corporee delle emozioni. Il quarto capitolo avrà come oggetto d’analisi la ricerca condotta, mentre il quinto offrirà la discussione finale sui risultati ottenuti.
Gestione del conflitto affettivo: l’influenza delle emozioni corporee
COAN, ELICET
2024/2025
Abstract
Emotions play a crucial role in our daily lives, constantly influencing our decisions, responses to external stimuli and social interactions. In particular, knowing how to manage emotions is essential for successfully dealing with social dynamics, where countless affective stimuli are present, some of which may be irrelevant or conflicting. In this context, cognitive control, and specifically the control of interference, becomes a key competence. This type of control relates to the ability to effectively manage and resolve conflicts that arise from the interference of irrelevant or distracting stimuli in order to implement the appropriate response. Traditionally, control of emotional interference has been assessed through the Affective Stroop face-word task, where participants are asked to classify a facial expression while ignoring a superimposed word that may be congruent or incongruent. In general, it is observed that incongruent stimuli slow down response times. This effect appears to be robust and widely used. However, most studies focus on facial expressions. However, it is important to highlight how emotions are also conveyed through the body, which plays a crucial role in affective communication. Bodily expressions are of great importance as they become a key element when facial information is not fully accessible. Furthermore, their correct decoding allows for an immediate response, avoiding the need to approach the other person face to face. Currently, there are still no studies in the scientific literature that have employed bodily emotions in an affective Stroop task. Therefore, a first aim of the present study is to explore how individuals handle the interference produced by bodily affective stimuli. In particular, it is proposed to investigate the possibility that the affective Stroop effect can emerge even when participants are asked to identify and categorize the emotion conveyed by the body posture, ignoring the superimposed word. . In addition, the present study aims to explore the role of certain factors that might be able to influence this ability, with a focus on interoceptive abilities (that is, the individual’s ability to perceive changes occurring within their own body in response to specific affective or cognitive states). The thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter will focus on the concept of cognitive control, providing an overview of the different existing theoretical models. The second chapter will instead focus on the interference component, analysing the relationship between the affective and cognitive spheres, with reference to conflict management. The third chapter will instead focus on the more internal dimension, providing an overview of the ways in which the body perceives and processes emotional states. In particular, the themes of enteroception and body maps of emotions will be introduced. The fourth chapter will analyse the research conducted, while the fifth will offer the final discussion of the results obtained.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85012