Background:The Covid-19 pandemic was a particularly traumatic event for everyone, especially for nursing staff who had to cope with extended working hours, missed rest days, and contact with patients who were positive for the virus. Inevitably, due to the pandemic, nurses found themselves managing an increasing number of critically ill patients, leading to a rise in deaths. This particularly stressful and traumatic event exposed this professional group to a risk of developing psychopathological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that arises after a traumatic event and manifests with symptoms such as avoidance, hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts, nightmares, mood and memory alterations. Purpose and Objectives: The purpose of this review is to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact that coping strategies and resilience had during this stressful time. Method:The approach chosen for writing this thesis involves a bibliographic research. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, CINHAL-EBSCO, and Scopus. A total of 12 articles were selected from the research, written in either Italian or English, including 9 cross-sectional studies and 3 longitudinal studies. All studies were conducted in Italy. Results:The literature analysis reveals that the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the early phase of Covid-19 was high, primarily driven by the fear of getting infected and infecting others, stressful work shifts, contact with critically ill patients, and numerous deaths. Regarding the coping strategies adopted by nurses, it emerged that these professionals were extremely resilient compared to other occupational groups and employed appropriate coping strategies. Despite these strategies, the incidence of PTSD over time only showed a slight decrease. Conclusions:The pandemic had significant repercussions on the mental health of nurses, with an increase in the number of individuals with PTSD. Coping strategies and resilience played an important role in managing stressful events, thereby reducing the risk of developing psychopathological disorders. To support nursing staff, it would be advisable to implement psychological support to early detect signs of distress.
Background: la pandemia da Covid-19 è stato un evento particolarmente traumatico per tutti, in particolare per il personale infermieristico che si è trovato ad affrontare turni lavorativi prolungati, mancati giorni di riposo e contatto con pazienti positivi al virus. Inevitabilmente, a causa della pandemia gli infermieri si sono trovati a gestire un numero sempre crescente di pazienti critici con conseguente aumento dei decessi, evento particolarmente stressante e traumatico che ha esposto questa figura professionale ad un rischio di sviluppare disturbi psicopatologici, come il disturbo da stress post-traumatico (PTSD), una condizione che si presenta a seguito di un evento traumatico con manifestazioni come evitamento, ipereccitabilità, pensieri intrusivi, incubi, alterazioni dell’umore e della memoria. Finalità e obiettivi: nella presente revisione si intende indagare qual è stata l’incidenza del disturbo da stress post-traumatico (PTSD) tra gli infermieri durante la pandemia da Covid-19 e qual è l’impatto che hanno avuto le strategie di coping e la resilienza in questo momento stressante. Metodo: L’approccio scelto nella stesura di questa tesi consiste in una ricerca bibliografica. Sono state consultate le seguenti banche dati: PubMed, CINHAL-EBSCO e Scopus. Dalla ricerca sono stati selezionati un totale di 12 articoli in lingua italiana o inglese, di cui 9 studi trasversali e 3 longitudinali. Tutti gli studi sono stati effettuati nel territorio italiano. Risultati: dall’analisi della letteratura emerge che l’incidenza del disturbo da stress post- traumatico in fase iniziale del Covid-19 è stata elevata e determinata principalmente da paura di infettarsi e infettare gli altri, turni lavorativi stressanti e contatto con pazienti critici e numerosi decessi. Analizzando le strategie di coping adottate dagli infermieri, è emerso che i professionisti erano estremamente resilienti rispetto ad altre figure professionali e che adottavano delle adeguate strategie di coping. Nonostante le strategie adottate, l’incidenza del PTSD nel corso del tempo ha subito solamente un lieve calo. Conclusioni: La pandemia ha avuto delle importanti ripercussioni nella salute mentale degli infermieri, con un incremento dei soggetti con PTSD. Le strategie di coping e la resilienza hanno avuto un ruolo importante nella gestione degli eventi stressanti riducendo così il rischio di sviluppare disturbi psicopatologici. Per supportare il personale infermieristico sarebbe opportuno inserire un supporto psicologico per individuare precocemente i segni di sofferenza.
Disturbo da stress post traumatico e Covid-19 : revisione della letteratura sulla realtà degli infermieri italiani.
DAMETTO, MELANIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background:The Covid-19 pandemic was a particularly traumatic event for everyone, especially for nursing staff who had to cope with extended working hours, missed rest days, and contact with patients who were positive for the virus. Inevitably, due to the pandemic, nurses found themselves managing an increasing number of critically ill patients, leading to a rise in deaths. This particularly stressful and traumatic event exposed this professional group to a risk of developing psychopathological disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a condition that arises after a traumatic event and manifests with symptoms such as avoidance, hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts, nightmares, mood and memory alterations. Purpose and Objectives: The purpose of this review is to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact that coping strategies and resilience had during this stressful time. Method:The approach chosen for writing this thesis involves a bibliographic research. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, CINHAL-EBSCO, and Scopus. A total of 12 articles were selected from the research, written in either Italian or English, including 9 cross-sectional studies and 3 longitudinal studies. All studies were conducted in Italy. Results:The literature analysis reveals that the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the early phase of Covid-19 was high, primarily driven by the fear of getting infected and infecting others, stressful work shifts, contact with critically ill patients, and numerous deaths. Regarding the coping strategies adopted by nurses, it emerged that these professionals were extremely resilient compared to other occupational groups and employed appropriate coping strategies. Despite these strategies, the incidence of PTSD over time only showed a slight decrease. Conclusions:The pandemic had significant repercussions on the mental health of nurses, with an increase in the number of individuals with PTSD. Coping strategies and resilience played an important role in managing stressful events, thereby reducing the risk of developing psychopathological disorders. To support nursing staff, it would be advisable to implement psychological support to early detect signs of distress.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85362