ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In recent years, in Italy, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have affected approximately 250,000 people, with a significant increase since the late 2000s. Crohn's disease may be diagnosed late due to its similarity to less severe intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (A. Montano, et al., 2018), and an inadequate diagnostic workup may lead to a diagnosis in advanced stages. (A. Luna, et al., 2008). The debilitating symptoms of the disease negatively affect the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient. [1] [2] OBJECTIVES: The study has two main objectives: to analyze the clinical path of patients affected by Crohn's disease, from admission to treatment, and to examine the long-term effects of biological therapy on patients with IBD, through a questionnaire that explores the experiences lived during treatment. The thesis aims to evaluate the role of nurses and the most effective strategies to support patients in their care path. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 150 patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary referral center. The data were collected through a questionnaire divided into 4 sections, with a total of 14 questions. The first section collects personal information, the second focuses on the type of IBD and previous knowledge of the condition, the third deals with the timing of diagnosis, and the fourth focuses on psychological experiences during care. RESULTS: Data analysis shows that 83% of patients did not know their diagnosis before the onset of symptoms. 95% had symptoms more than a year ago, and 73% are currently in remission. Most (53%) initially consulted their primary care physician, while only 23% received their diagnosis from the first doctor they consulted. Although 65% of patients stated that they were satisfied with their treatment path, 27% expressed mixed feelings. Furthermore, 88% did not receive suggestions for psychological support, although some felt they needed it. Finally, 53% of patients expressed appreciation for the nursing staff, while 41% suggested improvements in communication and care received. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the importance of considering the psychosocial impact of Crohn's disease in the care pathway, highlighting gaps in the management of the disease and the need for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. Poor public awareness and inadequate attention from healthcare professionals can lead patients to feel neglected. Although biological therapy improves quality of life, it is essential not to neglect emotional and social well-being. Nurses play a fundamental role, not only in administering therapies, but also in promoting coping strategies and raising awareness of psychological support. Recommendations include patient education, emotional support also through support groups, and continuous training in order to involve patients in their care pathway, adopting a holistic approach.
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Negli ultimi anni, in Italia, le malattie infiammatorie croniche intestinali (M.I.C.I. o in inglese “IBD”: InfIammatory Bowel Disease), che includono la Malattia di Crohn e la colite ulcerosa, hanno colpito circa 250.000 persone, con un incremento significativo dalla fine degli anni 2000. La Malattia di Crohn può essere diagnosticata con ritardo a causa della sua somiglianza con disturbi intestinali meno gravi, come la sindrome del colon irritabile (A. Montano, et al., 2018), e un iter diagnostico inadeguato può portare a una diagnosi in stadi avanzati. (A. Luna, et al., 2008). I sintomi debilitanti della malattia influiscono negativamente sulla qualità della vita e sul benessere psicologico del paziente. [1] [2] OBIETTIVI: Lo studio ha due obiettivi principali: quello di analizzare il percorso clinico dei pazienti affetti dal morbo di Crohn, dalla presa in carico al trattamento, e di esaminare gli effetti a lungo termine della terapia biologica su pazienti con IBD, attraverso un questionario che esplora le esperienze vissute durante la cura. La tesi si propone di valutare il ruolo degli infermieri e le strategie più efficaci per supportare i pazienti nel loro percorso assistenziale. MATERIALI E METODI: Lo studio ha coinvolto 150 pazienti in cura presso un centro di riferimento terziario. I dati sono stati raccolti tramite un questionario suddiviso in 4 sezioni, con un totale di 14 domande. La prima sezione raccoglie informazioni anagrafiche, la seconda si concentra sul tipo di IBD e sulla conoscenza pregressa della condizione, la terza tratta le tempistiche per la diagnosi, e la quarta si focalizza sulle esperienze psicologiche durante l’assistenza. RISULTATI: Dall’analisi dei dati emerge che l’83% dei pazienti non conosceva la propria diagnosi prima dell’insorgenza dei sintomi. Il 95% ha manifestato sintomi più di un anno fa, e il 73% è attualmente in remissione. La maggior parte (53%) si è rivolta inizialmente al medico di base, mentre solo il 23% ha ricevuto la diagnosi dal primo medico consultato. Sebbene il 65% dei pazienti si dichiari soddisfatto del percorso di cura, il 27% ha espresso sentimenti contrastanti. Inoltre, l’88% non ha ricevuto suggerimenti per un supporto psicologico, nonostante alcuni ne sentissero il bisogno. Infine, il 53% dei pazienti ha espresso apprezzamenti nei confronti del personale infermieristico, mentre il 41% ha suggerito miglioramenti nella comunicazione e nell’assistenza ricevuta. CONCLUSIONI: Lo studio evidenzia l’importanza di considerare l’impatto psicosociale del morbo di Crohn nel percorso assistenziale, evidenziando lacune nella gestione della patologia e la necessità di un approccio integrato e multidisciplinare. La scarsa consapevolezza pubblica e l’inadeguata attenzione dei professionisti sanitari possono portare i pazienti a sentirsi trascurati. Sebbene la terapia biologica migliori la qualità della vita, è fondamentale non trascurare il benessere emotivo e sociale. Gli infermieri rivestono un ruolo fondamentale, non solo nella somministrazione delle terapie, ma anche nel promuovere strategie di coping e nel sensibilizzare il supporto psicologico. Le raccomandazioni includono l’educazione del paziente, il supporto emotivo anche attraverso gruppi di sostegno, e la formazione continua al fine di coinvolgere i pazienti nel loro percorso di cura, adottando un approccio olistico.
L'impatto psicosociale della malattia di Crohn durante il percorso assistenziale: studio osservazionale presso un centro di III livello
BALDAN, VERONICA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In recent years, in Italy, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have affected approximately 250,000 people, with a significant increase since the late 2000s. Crohn's disease may be diagnosed late due to its similarity to less severe intestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (A. Montano, et al., 2018), and an inadequate diagnostic workup may lead to a diagnosis in advanced stages. (A. Luna, et al., 2008). The debilitating symptoms of the disease negatively affect the quality of life and psychological well-being of the patient. [1] [2] OBJECTIVES: The study has two main objectives: to analyze the clinical path of patients affected by Crohn's disease, from admission to treatment, and to examine the long-term effects of biological therapy on patients with IBD, through a questionnaire that explores the experiences lived during treatment. The thesis aims to evaluate the role of nurses and the most effective strategies to support patients in their care path. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 150 patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary referral center. The data were collected through a questionnaire divided into 4 sections, with a total of 14 questions. The first section collects personal information, the second focuses on the type of IBD and previous knowledge of the condition, the third deals with the timing of diagnosis, and the fourth focuses on psychological experiences during care. RESULTS: Data analysis shows that 83% of patients did not know their diagnosis before the onset of symptoms. 95% had symptoms more than a year ago, and 73% are currently in remission. Most (53%) initially consulted their primary care physician, while only 23% received their diagnosis from the first doctor they consulted. Although 65% of patients stated that they were satisfied with their treatment path, 27% expressed mixed feelings. Furthermore, 88% did not receive suggestions for psychological support, although some felt they needed it. Finally, 53% of patients expressed appreciation for the nursing staff, while 41% suggested improvements in communication and care received. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the importance of considering the psychosocial impact of Crohn's disease in the care pathway, highlighting gaps in the management of the disease and the need for an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. Poor public awareness and inadequate attention from healthcare professionals can lead patients to feel neglected. Although biological therapy improves quality of life, it is essential not to neglect emotional and social well-being. Nurses play a fundamental role, not only in administering therapies, but also in promoting coping strategies and raising awareness of psychological support. Recommendations include patient education, emotional support also through support groups, and continuous training in order to involve patients in their care pathway, adopting a holistic approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
baldan.veronica.2049382.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
1.21 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.21 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85453