Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional act of harming one’s own body without lethal intent, often through behaviors such as cutting, burning, or hitting. In recent years, this phenomenon has shown a growing impact among adolescents, raising significant concerns within the healthcare system. There is a strong correlation between NSSI and suicide risk, with self-harm acting as a potential predictor of suicide attempts. In this context, nurses play a crucial role in risk assessment and prevention, thanks to their proximity to patients, empathetic listening skills, and use of validated screening tools. Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the nurse’s role in assessing and preventing suicide risk in adolescents engaging in self-injurious behavior. In particular, the study seeks to identify the most effective screening tools, educational interventions, and the impact of these on nursing care. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through searches in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL databases using both free terms and MeSH terms. The selection of articles followed a PICO framework and included 10 studies. Results: The analysis identified effective screening tools such as the ASQ, C-SSRS, and Beck Hopelessness Scale, which allow for early detection of suicide risk. Among preventive interventions, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) proved to be the most effective in reducing self-harm and suicidal ideation. Nursing care is crucial in the assessment and management phases, especially in providing empathetic support, therapeutic education, and family engagement. However, challenges emerged in addressing psychological and social complications, highlighting a lack of specific training in child and adolescent psychiatry. Conclusions: Nurses are key figures in preventing suicide risk among adolescents. Their early intervention, integrated within a multidisciplinary team, can help identify signs of psychological distress and promote effective care pathways. Strengthening nursing education in mental health, adopting validated tools, and developing culturally sensitive, shared guidelines is essential. A more personalized approach to care may foster a holistic response to the complexity of adolescent experiences. Keywords: nursing role, suicide prevention, suicide risk assessment, adolescents, pediatric nursing, self-harm, self-injurious behavior.
Background: l’autolesionismo non suicidario (NSSI) è un comportamento intenzionale di danneggiamento del proprio corpo, con finalità non letale, che si manifesta con atti come tagli, ustioni o percosse. Negli ultimi anni, questo fenomeno ha evidenziato un crescente impatto tra gli adolescenti, rappresentando un importante campanello d’allarme per il sistema sanitario. Vi è una correlazione notevole tra NSSI e rischio suicidario, con l’autolesionismo che può trasformarsi in un predittore di tentativi di suicidio. In questo ambito, l’infermiere riveste un ruolo cruciale nella valutazione e nella prevenzione del rischio, grazie alla sua vicinanza al paziente, alla capacità di ascolto empatico e all’utilizzo di strumenti di screening validati. Obiettivo: l’obiettivo del presente elaborato è analizzare il ruolo dell’infermiere nella valutazione e nella prevenzione del rischio suicidario in adolescenti con comportamenti autolesionistici. In particolare, si intende identificare gli strumenti di screening più efficaci, gli interventi educativi e l’impatto che questi hanno sull’assistenza infermieristica. Materiali e metodi: è stata condotta una revisione narrativa di letteratura tramite consultazione delle banche dati MEDLINE (via Pubmed) e CINAHL, utilizzando termini liberi e MeSH. La selezione degli articoli ha seguito uno schema PICO ed ha incluso 10 articoli. Risultati: dall’analisi degli studi emergono strumenti di screening efficaci come l’ASQ, il C-SSRS e la Beck Hopelessness Scale, in grado di individuare precocemente il rischio suicidario. Tra gli interventi preventivi, la Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) si è rilevata la più efficace nella riduzione dell’autolesionismo e dell’ideazione suicidaria. L’assistenza infermieristica risulta determinante nella fase valutativa e di presa in carico, specialmente per quanto riguarda il supporto empatico, l’educazione terapeutica e la relazione con la famiglia. Tuttavia, emergono criticità nella gestione delle complicanze psicologiche e sociali, con una carenza di formazione specifica in ambito psichiatrico-infantile. Conclusioni: l’infermiere rappresenta una figura cardine nella prevenzione del rischio suicidario negli adolescenti. Il suo intervento precoce, integrato in un lavoro multidisciplinare, può contribuire a identificare segnali di disagio psicologico ed a promuovere percorsi di cura efficaci. È opportuno un rafforzamento della formazione infermieristica nell’ambito della salute mentale, l’adozione di strumenti validati e lo sviluppo di linee guida condivise e culturalmente sensibili. Porre una maggiore personalizzazione all’assistenza può favorire un approccio olistico, centrato sulla complessità del vissuto adolescenziale. Keywords: nursing role, suicide prevention, suicide risk assessment, adolescents, pediatric nursing, self-harm, self-injurious behavior. Parole chiave: ruolo infermieristico, prevenzione del suicidio, valutazione del rischio suicidario, adolescenti, autolesionismo, comportamenti auto-lesivi.
Il ruolo dell'infermiere nella valutazione e prevenzione del rischio suicidario negli adolescenti con storie di autolesionismo. Una revisione di letteratura.
CANNIELLO, LINDA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional act of harming one’s own body without lethal intent, often through behaviors such as cutting, burning, or hitting. In recent years, this phenomenon has shown a growing impact among adolescents, raising significant concerns within the healthcare system. There is a strong correlation between NSSI and suicide risk, with self-harm acting as a potential predictor of suicide attempts. In this context, nurses play a crucial role in risk assessment and prevention, thanks to their proximity to patients, empathetic listening skills, and use of validated screening tools. Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the nurse’s role in assessing and preventing suicide risk in adolescents engaging in self-injurious behavior. In particular, the study seeks to identify the most effective screening tools, educational interventions, and the impact of these on nursing care. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through searches in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL databases using both free terms and MeSH terms. The selection of articles followed a PICO framework and included 10 studies. Results: The analysis identified effective screening tools such as the ASQ, C-SSRS, and Beck Hopelessness Scale, which allow for early detection of suicide risk. Among preventive interventions, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) proved to be the most effective in reducing self-harm and suicidal ideation. Nursing care is crucial in the assessment and management phases, especially in providing empathetic support, therapeutic education, and family engagement. However, challenges emerged in addressing psychological and social complications, highlighting a lack of specific training in child and adolescent psychiatry. Conclusions: Nurses are key figures in preventing suicide risk among adolescents. Their early intervention, integrated within a multidisciplinary team, can help identify signs of psychological distress and promote effective care pathways. Strengthening nursing education in mental health, adopting validated tools, and developing culturally sensitive, shared guidelines is essential. A more personalized approach to care may foster a holistic response to the complexity of adolescent experiences. Keywords: nursing role, suicide prevention, suicide risk assessment, adolescents, pediatric nursing, self-harm, self-injurious behavior.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85457