Introduction: hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in gynecology worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Beyond the clinical and surgical aspects, this procedure has a significant impact on patients' lives and psychological well-being due to the symbolic meaning attributed to the uterus. Its removal can affect woman’s body image, sexuality, perception of gender roles, and reproductive capacity. Objective: to analyze the psychological consequences of hysterectomy and identify the most effective nursing strategies for their management in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: this study is a literature review based on two research questions formulated according to the PICO model: 1. What are the psychological consequences of hysterectomy in women? 2. What are the best nursing strategies for managing the psychological consequences of hysterectomy in women? To answer these questions, a search string was developed to consult the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl Ultimate, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The identified articles were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: a total of 21 articles were included in the review. The findings highlight that the main psychological consequences of hysterectomy include anxiety, fear, guilt, self-blame, depression, body image disturbances, and reduced self-esteem. Various nursing interventions have proven effective in managing these psychological effects, including the nurse's educational role, the adoption of active coping techniques, social support from friends, family, and partners, positive reframing, planning, emotional support, and emotional expression. Additional approaches include spirituality and participation in support groups. Finally, practices such as positive psychology, holistic and personalized care, cognitive interventions, muscle relaxation, guided imagery, music listening, breathing techniques, Reiki, and reflexology have been shown to contribute to improving patients' psychological well-being. Discussion: this study highlights that hysterectomy is not merely a surgical procedure but a life event that profoundly affects patients' emotional, relational, and female identity. Since each woman experiences hysterectomy subjectively, it is essential to emphasize the nurse's role in providing personalized and targeted care. Conclusion: based on the reviewed literature, this study aimed to offer a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the emotions experienced by women undergoing hysterectomy. It underscores how evidence-based nursing care, continuous emotional support, and effective communication can help mitigate the psychological impact of hysterectomy. Therefore, it is crucial for nurses to recognize the value of their role not only in clinical care but also in offering empathy and psychological support to patients throughout their healthcare journey.
Introduzione: l'isterectomia è una delle procedure chirurgiche più comuni in ginecologia a livello mondiale, specialmente nei paesi industrializzati. Oltre agli aspetti clinici e chirurgici, questo intervento ha un importante impatto sulla vita e sulla sfera psicologica delle pazienti, in relazione al significato simbolico attribuito all’utero. La sua rimozione può influire sull’immagine corporea, sulla sessualità, sulla percezione del ruolo di genere e sulla capacità riproduttiva della donna. Obiettivo: analizzare le conseguenze psicologiche dell’isterectomia e individuare le strategie infermieristiche più efficaci per la loro gestione nella pratica clinica. Materiali e metodi: lo studio è una revisione di letteratura, basata su due quesiti di ricerca formulati secondo il modello PICO: 1. Quali sono le conseguenze psicologiche di un’isterectomia su una donna? 2. Quali sono le migliori strategie infermieristiche per la gestione delle conseguenze psicologiche di un’isterectomia su una donna? Per rispondere a tali quesiti, è stata elaborata una stringa di ricerca per consultare le seguenti banche dati: PubMed, Cinahl Ultimate, Cochrane, Scopus e Google Scholar. Gli articoli individuati sono stati selezionati secondo criteri specifici di inclusione ed esclusione. Risultati: gli articoli totali che sono stati inclusi nella revisione sono 21. I risultati evidenziano che le principali conseguenze psicologiche dell’isterectomia includono ansia, paura, senso di colpa, auto-rimprovero, depressione, alterazione dell’immagine corporea e riduzione dell’autostima. Per gestire tali ripercussioni psicologiche, si sono rivelati efficaci diversi interventi infermieristici, tra cui il ruolo educativo dell’infermiere, l’adozione di tecniche di coping attivo, il supporto sociale da parte di amici, familiari e coniugi, la riformulazione positiva, la pianificazione, il sostegno emotivo e lo sfogo. Ulteriori approcci includono il ricorso alla fede e la partecipazione a gruppi di supporto. Infine, pratiche come la psicologia positiva, l’assistenza olistica e personalizzata, gli interventi cognitivi, il rilassamento muscolare, l’immaginazione guidata, l’ascolto della musica, le tecniche di respirazione, il Reiki e la riflessologia hanno dimostrato di contribuire al miglioramento del benessere psicologico delle pazienti. Discussione: il presente studio evidenzia come l’isterectomia non sia solo un intervento chirurgico, ma un evento che incide profondamente sulla sfera emotiva, relazionale e sull’identità femminile delle pazienti. Poiché ciascuna donna vive l’esperienza dell’isterectomia in modo soggettivo, è opportuno sottolineare il ruolo dell’infermiere nel fornire un’assistenza personalizzata e mirata. Conclusione: in relazione alla letteratura esaminata, questa revisione ha cercato di fornire una panoramica completa e approfondita delle emozioni delle donne sottoposte ad isterectomia, mettendo in evidenza come un’assistenza infermieristica basata su evidenze scientifiche, su un sostegno emotivo costante e su una comunicazione efficace possa contribuire a ridurre l’impatto psicologico dell’isterectomia. Pertanto, è fondamentale che gli infermieri riconoscano il valore del loro ruolo non solo nell’assistenza clinica, ma anche nell’offrire empatia e supporto psicologico ai pazienti lungo tutto il percorso di cura.
Il ruolo dell'infermiere nella gestione delle conseguenze psicologiche dell'isterectomia: strategie educative e supporto alla donna. Una revisione di letteratura
CORONA, LUDOVICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in gynecology worldwide, especially in industrialized countries. Beyond the clinical and surgical aspects, this procedure has a significant impact on patients' lives and psychological well-being due to the symbolic meaning attributed to the uterus. Its removal can affect woman’s body image, sexuality, perception of gender roles, and reproductive capacity. Objective: to analyze the psychological consequences of hysterectomy and identify the most effective nursing strategies for their management in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: this study is a literature review based on two research questions formulated according to the PICO model: 1. What are the psychological consequences of hysterectomy in women? 2. What are the best nursing strategies for managing the psychological consequences of hysterectomy in women? To answer these questions, a search string was developed to consult the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl Ultimate, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The identified articles were selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: a total of 21 articles were included in the review. The findings highlight that the main psychological consequences of hysterectomy include anxiety, fear, guilt, self-blame, depression, body image disturbances, and reduced self-esteem. Various nursing interventions have proven effective in managing these psychological effects, including the nurse's educational role, the adoption of active coping techniques, social support from friends, family, and partners, positive reframing, planning, emotional support, and emotional expression. Additional approaches include spirituality and participation in support groups. Finally, practices such as positive psychology, holistic and personalized care, cognitive interventions, muscle relaxation, guided imagery, music listening, breathing techniques, Reiki, and reflexology have been shown to contribute to improving patients' psychological well-being. Discussion: this study highlights that hysterectomy is not merely a surgical procedure but a life event that profoundly affects patients' emotional, relational, and female identity. Since each woman experiences hysterectomy subjectively, it is essential to emphasize the nurse's role in providing personalized and targeted care. Conclusion: based on the reviewed literature, this study aimed to offer a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the emotions experienced by women undergoing hysterectomy. It underscores how evidence-based nursing care, continuous emotional support, and effective communication can help mitigate the psychological impact of hysterectomy. Therefore, it is crucial for nurses to recognize the value of their role not only in clinical care but also in offering empathy and psychological support to patients throughout their healthcare journey.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/85459