Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pathological alterations involving the cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and joint capsule. As the most common form of arthropathy and a leading cause of disability in the elderly population, there is growing interest in effective rehabilitative interventions. Spa-based rehabilitation represents a valuable therapeutic option for managing symptoms and restoring function in these patients. Aims of the study: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a traditional spa treatment combined with a hydrokinetic therapy protocol performed in thermal water in patients with grade II–III knee osteoarthritis, according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Specifically, the study investigates the combined treatment's efficacy in reducing pain and improving quality of life and motor function. Materials and Methods: A sample of 60 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis was randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG), consisting of 30 patients, underwent a traditional spa therapy program (therapeutic thermal baths and mud therapy) integrated with hydrokinetic therapy in thermal water. The control group (CG), also composed of 30 patients, received only the traditional spa therapy. Evaluations were conducted at baseline (T0) and at the end of the treatment period (T1). Clinical variables assessed included range of motion (ROM) and hand grip strength (Hand Grip Test). Standardized questionnaires were administered to measure pain (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC), quality of life (12-item Short Form Survey, SF-12), psychological well-being (Psychological General Well-Being Index, PGWBI), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Results: A statistically significant difference was observed for GS and GC in terms of pain reduction (NRS: GS p < 0.01, GC p < 0.05), improvement in joint function (WOMAC: GS p < 0.01, GC p < 0.01), and improvement in motor function (Lequesne Index: GS p < 0.05, GC p < 0.05) between T0 and T1. In particular for NRS and WOMAC the improvement is more significant in GS. Regarding quality of life, a significant difference was found only for GS (SF-12 PCS: GS p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined treatment protocol demonstrated effective in patients with moderate to advanced knee osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that the integration of traditional spa therapy and hydrokinetic exercise may offer a viable alternative to conventional therapies, thanks to their synergistic therapeutic effects.
Presupposti dello studio: La gonartrosi è una patologia articolare degenerativa caratterizzata da alterazioni patologiche a carico della cartilagine, dell’osso, della membrana sinoviale e della capsula articolare. Essendo la forma più comune di artropatia e la principale causa di disabilità nella popolazione anziana, l’interesse verso interventi riabilitativi efficaci è in costante crescita. La riabilitazione in ambiente termale offre a questi pazienti una valida alternativa per la gestione dei sintomi e il recupero della funzionalità. Scopo dello studio: Questo studio ha l’obiettivo di valutare l’efficacia del trattamento termale tradizionale in combinazione con un protocollo di idrochinesiterapia effettuato in acqua termale, nei pazienti affetti da gonartrosi di grado II-III secondo la scala di Kellgren-Lawrence. Nello specifico lo studio si propone di valutare l’efficacia del trattamento combinato in termini di riduzione del dolore, miglioramento della qualità della vita e della funzionalità motoria. Materiali e metodi: Un campione di 60 pazienti affetti da gonartrosi è stato suddiviso casualmente in due gruppi: il gruppo sperimentale (GS), composto da 30 pazienti, è stato sottoposto a trattamento termale tradizionale (bagni termali terapeutici e fangoterapia) integrato con idrochinesiterapia in acque termali; il gruppo controllo (GC), anch’esso composto da 30 pazienti, ha svolto esclusivamente un percorso terapeutico termale tradizionale. Le valutazioni sono state condotte al reclutamento (T0) e al termine del trattamento (T1) e hanno incluso l’analisi di variabili cliniche tra cui il Range of Motion (ROM) e la forza di prensione (Hand Grip test). Sono stati inoltre somministrati dei questionari standardizzati per la misurazione di dolore (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), funzionalità (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC), qualità della vita (12-item Short Form Survey, SF-12), benessere psicologico (Psychological General Well-Being Index, PGWBI) e qualità del sonno (scala di Pittsburgh). Risultati: si evidenzia una differenza statisticamente significativa per GS e GC in termini di riduzione dolore (NRS GS p < 0,01, GC p < 0,05), miglioramento della funzionalità articolare (WOMAC GS p < 0,01, GC < 0,01) e miglioramento della funzionalità motoria (Lequesne Index GS p < 0,05, GC p < 0,05) tra il T0 e il T1. In particolare per NRS e WOMAC il miglioramento risulta più significativo in GS. Per quanto riguarda la qualità della vita è presente una differenza significativa esclusivamente per GS (SF-12 PCS GS p < 0,05) tra T0 e T1. Conclusioni: Il protocollo combinato si è dimostrato efficace nel trattamento dei pazienti affetti da gonartrosi di grado moderato o avanzato. Questi risultati suggeriscono che tale approccio potrebbe rappresentare una valida alternativa alle terapie standard attualmente in uso, grazie agli effetti sinergici della terapia termale tradizionale e dell’idrochiesiterapia.
Effetti di un trattamento riabilitativo multidimensionale in ambiente termale su funzionalità motoria, dolore e qualità della vita in pazienti con gonartrosi: uno studio randomizzato controllato
COLLAZUOL, GIOVANNI
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pathological alterations involving the cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and joint capsule. As the most common form of arthropathy and a leading cause of disability in the elderly population, there is growing interest in effective rehabilitative interventions. Spa-based rehabilitation represents a valuable therapeutic option for managing symptoms and restoring function in these patients. Aims of the study: The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a traditional spa treatment combined with a hydrokinetic therapy protocol performed in thermal water in patients with grade II–III knee osteoarthritis, according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Specifically, the study investigates the combined treatment's efficacy in reducing pain and improving quality of life and motor function. Materials and Methods: A sample of 60 patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis was randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG), consisting of 30 patients, underwent a traditional spa therapy program (therapeutic thermal baths and mud therapy) integrated with hydrokinetic therapy in thermal water. The control group (CG), also composed of 30 patients, received only the traditional spa therapy. Evaluations were conducted at baseline (T0) and at the end of the treatment period (T1). Clinical variables assessed included range of motion (ROM) and hand grip strength (Hand Grip Test). Standardized questionnaires were administered to measure pain (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), physical function (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC), quality of life (12-item Short Form Survey, SF-12), psychological well-being (Psychological General Well-Being Index, PGWBI), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI). Results: A statistically significant difference was observed for GS and GC in terms of pain reduction (NRS: GS p < 0.01, GC p < 0.05), improvement in joint function (WOMAC: GS p < 0.01, GC p < 0.01), and improvement in motor function (Lequesne Index: GS p < 0.05, GC p < 0.05) between T0 and T1. In particular for NRS and WOMAC the improvement is more significant in GS. Regarding quality of life, a significant difference was found only for GS (SF-12 PCS: GS p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined treatment protocol demonstrated effective in patients with moderate to advanced knee osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that the integration of traditional spa therapy and hydrokinetic exercise may offer a viable alternative to conventional therapies, thanks to their synergistic therapeutic effects.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86455