Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in Europe and exhibits highly heterogeneous prognostic outcomes. This heterogeneity has led, in recent years, to a molecular-based classification into four subgroups, originating from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project in 2013: • POLE ultramutated • Mismatch Repair Deficient (MMRd) • p53 abnormal (p53abn) • No Specific Molecular Profile (NSMP) The NSMP group accounts for approximately 50% of all endometrial carcinomas. This classification was later adapted for clinical practice through the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) trial. NSMP endometrial carcinomas are characterized by an intermediate prognosis, although substantial heterogeneity exists within this subgroup. A more refined characterization of NSMP tumors represents a major scientific challenge, both from a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint. For this reason, a subclassification into low-risk and high-risk groups has recently been proposed, based on estrogen receptor expression and histological grading. Objectives: To stratify NSMP tumors based on two parameters: estrogen receptor expression and histological grade, analyzing Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) as outcome measures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on NSMP patient data collected between 2020 and 2024 at the Gynecologic Clinic of Padua. Selection protocols were applied, leading to the inclusion of 57 patients in the study. Results: By analyzing demographic and clinicopathological parameters, two distinct groups of NSMP tumors were identified: a low-risk group, characterized by estrogen receptor expression and low histological grade, and a high-risk group. With a median follow-up of 23 months, the high-risk group showed a DFS of 65.1% and an OS of 78.6%, compared to 100% for both metrics in the low-risk group. Similar trends, albeit with lower statistical significance, were observed when stratifying based solely on estrogen receptor expression. Conclusions: Stratifying NSMP endometrial tumors based on estrogen receptor status and histological grading may, in the coming years, lead to a formal subdivision of the NSMP class into two groups with markedly different prognoses. This distinction could inform and potentially modify the post-operative therapeutic approach.
Background: Il carcinoma dell’endometrio è la neoplasia ginecologica più frequente in Europa e presenta outcome prognostici molto eterogenei, questo ha portato negli ultimi anni ad una stratificazione in quattro classi basata su caratteristiche molecolari derivante dal progetto The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) del 2013: • POLE ultramutated • MisMatch Repair Deficient (MMRd) • p53 mutato (p53abn) • Non Specific Molecular Profile (NSMP) Il gruppo NSMP rappresenta circa il 50% di tutti i carcinomi dell’endometrio. Questa classificazione è stata poi adattata alla pratica clinica attraverso il Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMiSe) trial. I carcinomi endometriali NSMP si caratterizzano per una prognosi intermedia, nonostante un’ampia disomogeneità all’interno della stessa classe. La miglior caratterizzazione di questo sottogruppo rappresenta un’importante sfida scientifica, sia dal punto di vista prognostico, che terapeutico; e per questo è stata recentemente proposta una sotto-classificazione in low-risk e high-risk group sulla base dell’espressione del recettore per gli estrogeni e del grading istologico. Obiettivi: Stratificare i tumori NSMP basandosi su due parametri: espressione del recettore per gli estrogeni e grado istologico analizzando come misure di outcome la Disease Free Survival e l’Overall Survival. Metodi: Analisi retrospettiva sui dati delle pazienti NSMP raccolti tra il 2020 e il 2024 presso la Clinica Ginecologica di Padova applicando dei protocolli di selezione delle pazienti che hanno portato a includere 57 pazienti nello studio. Risultati: Analizzando i parametri anagrafici e clinico-patologici delle pazienti si sono individuati due gruppi in cui stratificare gli NSMP, uno a basso rischio, con espressione del recettore estrogenico e basso grading istologico, e un altro ad alto rischio. Analizzando due gruppi, con un follow-up mediano di 23 mesi, il gruppo ad alto rischio aveva una DFS del 65,1% e una OS del 78,6% contro il 100% per entrambe le metriche del sottogruppo a basso rischio. Risultati concordanti ma con minore significatività si sono trovati anche stratificando sulla base della sola espressione del recettore estrogenico. Conclusioni: Stratificare i tumori endometriali NSMP basandosi su recettore degli estrogeni e grading istologico potrebbe portare da qui a pochi anni alla divisione della classe NSMP in due classi, dalla prognosi molto diversa, e che pertanto potrebbero beneficiare di un cambio nell’approccio terapeutico post-operatorio.
L’espressione del recettore per gli estrogeni nei carcinomi endometriali a profilo molecolare non specifico: nuovo parametro per la stratificazione del rischio.
GATTO, ALFREDO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in Europe and exhibits highly heterogeneous prognostic outcomes. This heterogeneity has led, in recent years, to a molecular-based classification into four subgroups, originating from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project in 2013: • POLE ultramutated • Mismatch Repair Deficient (MMRd) • p53 abnormal (p53abn) • No Specific Molecular Profile (NSMP) The NSMP group accounts for approximately 50% of all endometrial carcinomas. This classification was later adapted for clinical practice through the Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) trial. NSMP endometrial carcinomas are characterized by an intermediate prognosis, although substantial heterogeneity exists within this subgroup. A more refined characterization of NSMP tumors represents a major scientific challenge, both from a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint. For this reason, a subclassification into low-risk and high-risk groups has recently been proposed, based on estrogen receptor expression and histological grading. Objectives: To stratify NSMP tumors based on two parameters: estrogen receptor expression and histological grade, analyzing Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) as outcome measures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on NSMP patient data collected between 2020 and 2024 at the Gynecologic Clinic of Padua. Selection protocols were applied, leading to the inclusion of 57 patients in the study. Results: By analyzing demographic and clinicopathological parameters, two distinct groups of NSMP tumors were identified: a low-risk group, characterized by estrogen receptor expression and low histological grade, and a high-risk group. With a median follow-up of 23 months, the high-risk group showed a DFS of 65.1% and an OS of 78.6%, compared to 100% for both metrics in the low-risk group. Similar trends, albeit with lower statistical significance, were observed when stratifying based solely on estrogen receptor expression. Conclusions: Stratifying NSMP endometrial tumors based on estrogen receptor status and histological grading may, in the coming years, lead to a formal subdivision of the NSMP class into two groups with markedly different prognoses. This distinction could inform and potentially modify the post-operative therapeutic approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86460