ABSTRACT Introduction Testicular stromal tumours are a heterogeneous group of very rare neoplasms. They originate from the stromal cells of the testis, which provide nourishment and support to germ cells, and are mainly represented by Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and granulosa cells. In the paediatric population, these tumours are even rarer than in adults; in fact, they account for about 1% of all paediatric solid tumours and 3% of testicular tumours, with an annual incidence of 1.6 – 2 cases per 100,000. Aim of the study To collect paediatric cases of testicular stromal tumours registered in the TREP project to create a common database for the participating centers, compare the data obtained regarding the Italian cases with the literature, with particular attention to the type of surgical procedure performed. Material and Methods The study has been conducted by analysing the cases registered in the TREP project, which was established in 2000 through collaboration between SICP (Italian Society of Paediatric Surgery) and AIEOP (Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology). The aim is to establish a national network dedicated to recording and studying rare tumours in childhood, for which there are no AIEOP treatment protocols. Patients were analyzed within the TREP Study according to the PARTNER Study registration form, with the future aim of being able to perform further studies based on European case series. Results A total of 39 male patients were collected. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.4 years (ranging from just 1 day old to 17.2 years), with a median age at diagnosis of 5.5 years. The most common presenting symptoms were testicular asymmetry or swelling, followed by signs of precocious puberty due to a hormone-secreting tumour, and ultrasound detection of a testicular mass; asymptomatic cases or incidental diagnoses were less frequent. Initial treatment consisted of orchifunicolectomy in 14 cases and conservative surgery in 20 cases, with only biopsies performed in 4 cases and 1 case with unknown treatment. Regarding final surgery, a total of 6 patients underwent additional procedures: 5 with orchifunicolectomy, and one patient who initially had only a biopsy at diagnosis later underwent conservative surgery. Follow-up data were available for 34 out of the 39 patients, with a mean time of 53 months, ranging from 7 days to 158.7 months (about 13 years). The outcome was benign: 38 patients are alive and in complete remission, while one is alive with persistent disease (affected by bilateral and multifocal LCCSCT, had only a biopsy of the largest lesion, and continues to be monitored to avoid bilateral gonadectomy). Conclusions Paediatric testicular stromal tumours are rare neoplasms characterized by a benign course and are effectively managed with surgical intervention alone. It is essential to carefully evaluate the features of the neoplasm during the diagnostic process to determine the most appropriate surgical approach for each case. Based on the size of the mass and histological characteristics, conservative surgery is generally preferred when feasible. The findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature. Further research, facilitated by international collaborations, is necessary to establish standardized guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these rare tumours.
RIASSUNTO Introduzione I tumori stromali testicolari sono un gruppo eterogeneo di neoplasie molto rare. Originano dalle cellule stromali del testicolo, le quali forniscono nutrimento e supporto alle cellule germinali, e sono rappresentate principalmente da cellule di Leydig, cellule di Sertoli e cellule della granulosa[1]. Nella popolazione pediatrica questi tumori sono ancora più rari che negli adulti; infatti, rappresentano circa l’1% di tutti i tumori solidi pediatrici, ed il 3% dei tumori testicolari, con incidenza annuale di 1,6 – 2 casi/100.000.[2] Obiettivo dello studio Raccogliere i casi pediatrici di tumore stromale testicolare registrati nel progetto TREP per creare un database comune ai centri afferenti, confrontare i dati acquisiti riguardo alla casistica italiana con la letteratura, con particolare attenzione al tipo di procedura chirurgica effettuata. Materiali e metodi Lo studio è condotto analizzando la casistica registrata dal progetto TREP, nato nell’anno 2000 dalla collaborazione tra la SICP (Società Italiana Chirurgia Pediatrica) e l’AIEOP (Associazione Italiana di Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica), con lo scopo di istituire una rete nazionale dedicata alla registrazione e allo studio dei tumori rari in età pediatrica, per i quali non esistono protocolli di trattamento AIEOP. I pazienti sono stati analizzati all’interno dello Studio TREP secondo la scheda di registrazione dello studio PARTNER, con l’obiettivo futuro di poter eseguire ulteriori studi basati su casistica europea. Risultati Sono stati raccolti 39 pazienti di sesso maschile. L’età media alla diagnosi è di 6,4 anni (compresa in un range da 1 solo giorno di vita a 17,2 anni), l’età mediana alla diagnosi è di 5,5 anni. I sintomi all’esordio più frequenti sono stati asimmetria o tumefazione testicolare, seguite da segni di pubertà precoce dipendenti da un tumore secernente ormoni, e da riscontro ecografico di una massa testicolare; meno frequenti gli asintomatici o le diagnosi occasionali. Il trattamento iniziale è stato orchifunicolectomia in 14 casi e chirurgia conservativa in 20 casi, solo biopsia in 4 e 1 sconosciuto; per quanto riguarda la chirurgia finale in totale 6 pazienti hanno avuto un intervento di completamento: 5 con orchifunicolectomia, ed un paziente in cui era stata eseguita solo una biopsia alla diagnosi, ha poi subito un intervento conservativo. I dati sul follow up sono stati disponibili per 34 pazienti su 39 con un tempo medio di 53 mesi, in un range da 7 giorni a 158,7 mesi (13 anni). L’outcome è stato benigno: 38 pazienti sono vivi e in remissione completa, mentre uno è vivo con persistenza di malattia (affetto da LCCSCT bilaterale e multifocale, ha eseguito soltanto biopsia della lesione di maggiore diametro e continua ad essere monitorato, per evitare gonadectomia bilaterale). Conclusioni I tumori stromali testicolari pediatrici sono neoplasie rare, con decorso benigno, adeguatamente trattate con la sola chirurgia. È necessario porre attenzione durante l’iter diagnostico alle caratteristiche della neoplasia in esame per attuare la scelta della tecnica chirurgica più adatta al caso in esame. In base alle dimensioni della massa e alle caratteristiche istologiche, quando possibile è preferibile scegliere la chirurgia conservativa. I risultati ottenuti concordano con la letteratura. Sono necessari ulteriori studi, favoriti da collaborazioni internazionali, per ottenere linee guida univoche in merito alla diagnosi ed alla gestione di queste rare neoplasie.
Testis Sparing Surgery nei Tumori Stromali Testicolari Pediatrici: i dati dello studio nazionale retrospettivo TREP
MORATELLO, SILVIA
2024/2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Testicular stromal tumours are a heterogeneous group of very rare neoplasms. They originate from the stromal cells of the testis, which provide nourishment and support to germ cells, and are mainly represented by Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and granulosa cells. In the paediatric population, these tumours are even rarer than in adults; in fact, they account for about 1% of all paediatric solid tumours and 3% of testicular tumours, with an annual incidence of 1.6 – 2 cases per 100,000. Aim of the study To collect paediatric cases of testicular stromal tumours registered in the TREP project to create a common database for the participating centers, compare the data obtained regarding the Italian cases with the literature, with particular attention to the type of surgical procedure performed. Material and Methods The study has been conducted by analysing the cases registered in the TREP project, which was established in 2000 through collaboration between SICP (Italian Society of Paediatric Surgery) and AIEOP (Italian Association of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology). The aim is to establish a national network dedicated to recording and studying rare tumours in childhood, for which there are no AIEOP treatment protocols. Patients were analyzed within the TREP Study according to the PARTNER Study registration form, with the future aim of being able to perform further studies based on European case series. Results A total of 39 male patients were collected. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.4 years (ranging from just 1 day old to 17.2 years), with a median age at diagnosis of 5.5 years. The most common presenting symptoms were testicular asymmetry or swelling, followed by signs of precocious puberty due to a hormone-secreting tumour, and ultrasound detection of a testicular mass; asymptomatic cases or incidental diagnoses were less frequent. Initial treatment consisted of orchifunicolectomy in 14 cases and conservative surgery in 20 cases, with only biopsies performed in 4 cases and 1 case with unknown treatment. Regarding final surgery, a total of 6 patients underwent additional procedures: 5 with orchifunicolectomy, and one patient who initially had only a biopsy at diagnosis later underwent conservative surgery. Follow-up data were available for 34 out of the 39 patients, with a mean time of 53 months, ranging from 7 days to 158.7 months (about 13 years). The outcome was benign: 38 patients are alive and in complete remission, while one is alive with persistent disease (affected by bilateral and multifocal LCCSCT, had only a biopsy of the largest lesion, and continues to be monitored to avoid bilateral gonadectomy). Conclusions Paediatric testicular stromal tumours are rare neoplasms characterized by a benign course and are effectively managed with surgical intervention alone. It is essential to carefully evaluate the features of the neoplasm during the diagnostic process to determine the most appropriate surgical approach for each case. Based on the size of the mass and histological characteristics, conservative surgery is generally preferred when feasible. The findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature. Further research, facilitated by international collaborations, is necessary to establish standardized guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these rare tumours.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86469